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Johann Bernoulli

Johann Bernoulli[a] (also known as Jean in French or John in English; 6 August [O.S. 27 July] 1667 – 1 January 1748) was a Swiss mathematician and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He is known for his contributions to infinitesimal calculus and educating Leonhard Euler in the pupil's youth.

For other family members named Johann, see Bernoulli family.

Johann Bernoulli

(1667-08-06)6 August 1667

1 January 1748(1748-01-01) (aged 80)

Swiss

University of Basel
(M.D., 1694)

Dissertatio de effervescentia et fermentatione; Dissertatio Inauguralis Physico-Anatomica de Motu Musculorum (On the Mechanics of Effervescence and Fermentation and on the Mechanics of the Movement of the Muscles)  (1694 (1690)[2])

Biography[edit]

Early life[edit]

Johann was born in Basel, the son of Nicolaus Bernoulli, an apothecary, and his wife, Margarethe Schongauer, and began studying medicine at University of Basel. His father desired that he study business so that he might take over the family spice trade, but Johann Bernoulli did not like business and convinced his father to allow him to study medicine instead. Johann Bernoulli began studying mathematics on the side with his older brother Jacob Bernoulli.[5] Throughout Johann Bernoulli's education at Basel University, the Bernoulli brothers worked together, spending much of their time studying the newly discovered infinitesimal calculus. They were among the first mathematicians to not only study and understand calculus but to apply it to various problems.[6] In 1690,[7] he completed a degree dissertation in medicine,[8] reviewed by Leibniz,[7] whose title was De Motu musculorum et de effervescent et fermentation.[9]

Adult life[edit]

After graduating from Basel University, Johann Bernoulli moved to teach differential equations. Later, in 1694, he married Dorothea Falkner, the daughter of an alderman of Basel, and soon after accepted a position as the professor of mathematics at the University of Groningen. At the request of his father-in-law, Bernoulli began the voyage back to his home town of Basel in 1705. Just after setting out on the journey he learned of his brother's death to tuberculosis. Bernoulli had planned on becoming the professor of Greek at Basel University upon returning but instead was able to take over as professor of mathematics, his older brother's former position. As a student of Leibniz's calculus, Bernoulli sided with him in 1713 in the Leibniz–Newton debate over who deserved credit for the discovery of calculus. Bernoulli defended Leibniz by showing that he had solved certain problems with his methods that Newton had failed to solve. Bernoulli also promoted Descartes' vortex theory over Newton's theory of gravitation. This ultimately delayed acceptance of Newton's theory in continental Europe.[10]

(in Latin). Venezia: Giovanni Antonio Pinelli & Almoro Pinelli. 1721.

De motu musculorum

(in French). Paris: Imprimerie Royale. 1736.

Recherches physiques et géométriques sur la question comment se fait la propagation de la lumière

[Opere]

Bernoulli, Johann (1786). (in French). Parigi: sn. Retrieved 18 June 2015.

Analyse de l'Opus Palatinum de Rheticus et du Thesaurus mathematicus de Pitiscus

– a pair of analytical identities by Bernoulli

Sophomore's dream

Partial fraction decomposition

Media related to Johann Bernoulli at Wikimedia Commons

at the Mathematics Genealogy Project

Johann Bernoulli

Golba, Paul, "'"

Bernoulli, Johan

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Johann Bernoulli

(ed.). "Bernoulli, Johann (1667–1748)". ScienceWorld.

Weisstein, Eric Wolfgang

Truesdell, C. (March 1958). "The New Bernoulli Edition". Isis. 49 (1): 54–62. :10.1086/348639. JSTOR 226604. S2CID 143648596. discusses the strange agreement between Bernoulli and de l'Hôpital on pages 59–62.

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