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Julien Offray de La Mettrie

Julien Offray de La Mettrie (French: [ɔfʁɛ la metʁi]; November 23, 1709[1] – November 11, 1751) was a French physician and philosopher, and one of the earliest of the French materialists of the Enlightenment. He is best known for his 1747 work L'homme machine (Man a Machine).[2]

Julien Offray de La Mettrie

23 November 1709

11 November 1751(1751-11-11) (aged 41)

La Mettrie is most remembered for taking the position that humans are complex animals and no more have souls than other animals do. He considered that the mind is part of the body and that life should be lived so as to produce pleasure (hedonism). His views were so controversial that he had to flee France and settle in Berlin.

Early life[edit]

La Mettrie was born at Saint-Malo in Brittany on November 23, 1709, and was the son of a prosperous textile merchant. His initial schooling took place in the colleges of Coutances and Caen. After attending the Collège du Plessis in Paris, he seemed to have acquired a vocational interest in becoming a clergyman, but after studying theology in the Jansenist schools for some years, his interests turned away from the Church. In 1725, La Mettrie entered the College d'Harcourt to study philosophy and natural science, probably graduating around 1728. At this time, D'Harcourt was pioneering the teaching of Cartesianism in France.[3] In 1734, he went on to study under Hermann Boerhaave, a renowned physician who, similarly, had originally intended on becoming a clergyman. It was under Boerhaave that La Mettrie was influenced to try to bring changes to medical education in France.[4]

Histoire Naturelle de l'Âme. 1745 (anon.)

École de la Volupté. 1746, 1747 (anon.)

Politique du Médecin de Machiavel. 1746 (anon.)

L'Homme Machine. 1748 (anon.)

L'Homme Plante. 1748 (anon.)

Ouvrage de Pénélope ou Machiavel en Médecine. 1748 (pseudonym: Aletheius Demetrius)

Discours sur le bonheur ou Anti-Sénèque [Traité de la vie heureuse, par Sénèque, avec un Discours du traducteur sur le même sujet]. 1748 (anon.)

L'Homme plus que Machine. 1748 (anon.)

Système d'Épicure. 1750 (anon.)

L'Art de Jouir. 1751 (anon.)

Geschichte des Materialismus, 1866 (Eng. trans. The History of Materialism by E. C. Thomas, ii. 1880)

Friedrich Albert Lange

Jakob Elias Poritzky, J. O. de Lamettrie. Sein Leben und seine Werke, (1900, reprint 1970)

Kathleen Wellman, La Mettrie. Medicine, Philosophy, and Enlightenment, Durham and London, Duke University Press 1992  0-8223-1204-2

ISBN

Birgit Christensen, Ironie und Skepsis. Das offene Wissenschafts- und Weltverständnis bei Julien Offray de La Mettrie. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann 1996  3-8260-1271-2

ISBN

Hartmut Hecht, ed., La Mettrie. Ansichten und Einsichten. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2004 (Proceedings of Potsdam/Berlin La Mettrie Conference, 2001)  3-8305-0558-2

ISBN

Bernd A. Laska: . In: Aufklärung und Kritik, Sonderheft 14/2008, pp. 64–84

La Mettrie - ein gewollt unbekannter Bekannter

Man a Machine - 1748 English translation of L'homme machine

(English translation by Gertrude C. Bussey, rev. by Mary Whiton Calkins) Full text of same available at Project Gutenberg.

1912 Open Court French-English edition

Frederic the Great's Eulogy on Julien Offray de la Mettrie

Man-Machine - 2009 translation by Jonathan Bennett