Kindergarten

Kindergarten^[a] is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th century in Germany, Bavaria and Alsace to serve children whose parents both worked outside home. The term was coined by German pedagogue Friedrich Fröbel, whose approach globally influenced early-years education. Today, the term is used in many countries to describe a variety of educational institutions and learning spaces for children ranging from two to six years of age, based on a variety of teaching methods.

This article is about preschool educational approach. For early years education, see Preschool. For other uses, see Kindergarten (disambiguation).

Low nursery: Babies from eighty-five days to one year old.

High nursery: Children from one to two years old.

Low Middle Level: Children from two to three years old.

High Middle Level: Children from three to four years old.

First level of transition: Often called pre-kinder, for children from four to five years old.

Second level of transition: Usually called kinder, for children from five to six years old. It is the last phase of this type of education; upon completion, children go to primero básico ( of primary education).^[28]

first grade

Forest kindergarten

Head Start Program

Montessori education

Pre-math skills

Reggio Emilia approach

Universal preschool

Waldorf education

Cryan, J. R.; Sheehan, R.; Wiechel, J.; Bandy-Hedden, I. G. (1992). "Success outcomes of full-day kindergarten: More positive behavior and increased achievement in the years after". Early Childhood Research Quarterly. 7 (2): 187–203. :10.1016/0885-2006(92)90004-i.

doi

Elicker, J.; Mathur, S. (1997). "What do they do all day? Comprehensive evaluation of a full-day kindergarten". Early Childhood Research Quarterly. 12 (4): 459–480. :10.1016/S0885-2006(97)90022-3.

doi

Fusaro, J. A. (1997). . Child Study Journal. 27 (4): 269–277. Retrieved September 30, 2013.

"The effect of full-day kindergarten on student achievement: A meta-analysis"

Gullo, D. F. (1990). "The changing family context: Implications for the development of all-day kindergarten." Young Children, 45(4), 35–39. EJ 409 110.

Housden, T., & Kam, R. (1992). "Full-day kindergarten: A summary of the research." Carmichael, CA: San Juan Unified School District. ED 345 868.

Karweit, N. (1992). "The kindergarten experience." Educational Leadership, 49(6), 82–86. EJ 441 182.

Koopmans, M. (1991). "A study of longitudinal effects of all-day kindergarten attendance on achievement." Newark, NJ: Newark Board of Education. ED 336 494..

Morrow, L. M., Strickland, D. S., & Woo, D. G.(1998). "Literacy instruction in half- and whole-day kindergarten." Newark, DE: International Reading Association. ED 436 756.

Olsen, D., & Zigler, E.(1989). "An assessment of the all-day kindergarten movement." Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 4(2), 167–186. EJ 394 085.

Puleo, V. T.(1988). "A review and critique of research on full-day kindergarten." Elementary School Journal, 88(4), 427–439. EJ 367 934.

Towers, J. M. (1991). "Attitudes toward the all-day, everyday kindergarten." Children Today, 20(1), 25–28. EJ 431 720.

West, J., Denton, K., & Germino-Hausken, E.(2000). "" Washington, DC: National Center for Educational Statistics

America's Kindergartners

McGill-Franzen, A. (2006). "Kindergarten literacy: Matching assessment and instruction in kindergarten." New York: Scholastic.

WestEd (2005). San Francisco: WestEd.

"Full-Day Kindergarten: Expanding Learning Opportunities."

Schoenberg, Nara (September 4, 2010). . Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 26, 2012.

"Kindergarten: It's the new first grade"

The following reading list relates specifically to kindergarten in North America, where it is the first year of formal schooling and not part of the preschool system as it is in the rest of the world:

Sources for kindergarten teachers in the US

Friedrich Fröbel timeline

Archived April 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine