Grand Cross
Grand Cross is the highest class in many orders, and manifested in its insignia.[1] Exceptionally, the highest class may be referred to as Grand Cordon or equivalent. In other cases, there may exist a rank even higher than Grand Cross, e.g. Grand Collar. In rare cases, the insignia itself is referred to as the "grand cross".[2]
For the astrological term, see astrological aspect.
In international relations, many times the class of Grand Cross is typically reserved for royalty, heads of state and equivalent. Sometimes a holder of the highest class or grade are referred to as "Commander Grand Cross",[A 1] "Knight Grand Cross", or just "Grand Cross".
In the United Kingdom, the rank of "Knight Grand Cross" or "Dame Grand Cross" allows the recipient to continue to use the honorific "Sir" (male) or "Dame" (female) as a style before his or her name. The knighthood is initially conferred, as in other countries, at the lower rank of the order, typically "Knight Commander".
In Bavaria, the royal military order established by Maximilian Joseph consisted of three classes with the Grand Crosses ranking above the Commanders and Knights.[4] The Grand Cross title has also been used to confer military merit. For instance, the Grand Duchy of Baden awarded Prince Rupprecht a Grand Cross after World War I.[5]
From 1870 to 1918, the German Empire also set the Grand Cross as the highest rank of the Order of the Iron Cross, followed by the first and second classes.
: Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (highest National Order that admits Brazilian Nationals to its ranks)
Brazil
Paraná
French Polynesia
: Grand Cross of the Kola-tree National Order (2nd)
Guinea
Guinea
Guinea
: Knight Grand Cross decorated with Grand Cordon of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (highest)
Italy
: Grand Cross of the National Order (Niger) (highest)
Niger
Niger
: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (Senegal) (2nd)
Senegal
: Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (2nd)
Togo
: Grand Cordon of the Order of Merit (3rd)
Tunisia
