Katana VentraIP

Kru people

The Kru, Krao, Kroo, or Krou are a West African ethnic group who are indigenous to western Ivory Coast and eastern Liberia. European and American writers often called Kru men who enlisted as sailors or mariners Krumen. They migrated and settled along various points of the West African coast, notably Freetown, Sierra Leone, but also the Ivorian and Nigerian coasts.[2] The Kru-speaking people are a large ethnic group that is made up of several sub-ethnic groups in Liberia and Ivory Coast. In Liberia, there are 48 sub-sections of Kru tribes, including the Jlao Kru.[3] These tribes include Bété, Bassa, Krumen, Guéré, Grebo, Klao/Krao, Dida, Krahn people and Jabo people.

Regions with significant populations

approx. 3.2 million

209,993[1]

approx. 16,000

Didier Drogba (1978-) Ivorian football player.

Didier Drogba (1978-) Ivorian football player.[citation needed]

George Weah (1966–present)
25th President of Liberia

George Weah (1966–present) 25th President of Liberia

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (1938-) 24th President of Liberia

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (1938-) 24th President of Liberia

Koudou Gbagbo Laurent former Ivorian President (2000-2011)

Koudou Gbagbo Laurent former Ivorian President (2000-2011)

Mary Broh (1951-) Former Mayor of Monrovia

Mary Broh (1951-) Former Mayor of Monrovia

Didwho Welleh Twe (1879-1961) Candidate for President in 1951

Didwho Welleh Twe (1879-1961) Candidate for President in 1951

Notable ethnic Krus include the 25th President of Liberia George Weah, who is of mixed Kru, Gbee, Mano, and Bassa heritage, as well as his predecessor, former President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, who is of mixed Kru, Gola, and German ancestry. Dr. George Toe Washington, Former Armed Forces Chief of Staff of Liberia and Ambassador to the US, Canada and Mexico who is of Kru and Grebo ancestry. Soccer star William Jebor is exclusively of Kru background, as is Christian Evangelist Samuel Morris who was originally known as Kaboo.[23][24][25] Mary Broh, the former mayor of Monrovia, is of mixed Kru and Bassa ancestry. Didwho Twe, a judge and politician, who ran for President of Liberia in 1951 was of Kru heritage.[26]

Kru languages

Seedies and Kroomen

Baldwin, Lindley, Samuel Morris: Men of Faith Series, Bethany House Publishers, 1942;

Behrens, Christine Les Kroumen de la Côte Occidentale d'Afrique, Bordeaux: Centre d'Etudes de Géographie Tropicale, 1974;

Brooks, George, The Kru Mariner in the Nineteenth Century: A Historical Compendium, Newark,Del., 1972 (Liberian Studies Monograph Series no.1);

Crutcher, Megan, "‘For King and Empire’: The Changing Political, Economic, and Cultural Identities of Kru Mariners in Atlantic Africa, 1460–1945", Journal of African History (2023) 1-12;

Davis, Ronald, Ethnohistorical Studies on the Kru Coast, Newark, Del., 1976 (Liberian Studies Monograph Series no.5);

Fraenkel, Merran, Tribe and Class in Monrovia, New York-London: OUP, 1964;

Gunn, Jeffrey, Outsourcing African Labor: Kru Migratory Workers in Global Ports, Estates and Battlefields until the End of the 19th Century, Germany: De Gruyter, 2021 (Africa in Global History Series);

Mekeel, Scudder, "Social Administration of the Kru: A Preliminary Survey", Africa 10 (1937) 75–96; 11 (460-68);

Massing, Andreas W., The Economic Anthropology of the Kru, Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1980 (Studien zur Kulturkunde 55);

Massing, Andreas W., Kru, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History, vol.2, 306–309, New York, 2007;

Schwartz, Alfred, Peuplement Autochthone et Immigration dans le Sud-Ouest Ivoirien, Abidjan: ORSTOM, 1973;

Tauxier, Louis, Les Kroomen de la Forêt de Côte d'Ivoire, Paris: Larose, 1935;

Zetterström, Kjell, Ethnographic Survey of Southeastern Liberia: Preliminary Report on the Kru, Robertsport: Centre of African Culture, 1969