Kurt Schwitters
Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters (20 June 1887 – 8 January 1948) was a German artist. He was born in Hanover, Germany, but lived in exile from 1937.
Kurt Schwitters
8 January 1948(1948-01-08) (aged 60)
Dancing, collage, artist's book, installation, sculpture, poetry
Das Undbild, 1919
Schwitters worked in several genres and media, including Dadaism, constructivism, surrealism, poetry, sound, painting, sculpture, graphic design, typography, and what came to be known as installation art. He is most famous for his collages, called "Merz Pictures".
Schwitters, The Grave of Alves Bäsenstiel, 1919, drawing (narrator's name in his poem An Anna Blume)
Poster for Dada Matinée, Jan. 1923, printed poster, announcing Kurt Schwitters, Theo van Doesburg & his wife Nelly
Schwitters, Abstract Composition, 1923–25, oil-painting
Schwitters, untitled (Agfa-Filmpack), c. 1925, collage
Schwitters, untitled (Hamburg elevated train), 1929, collage on paper on board
Schwitters, untitled (Chessman), 1941, collage, oil, paper and wood on plywood
Schwitters, untitled, early 1940s, collage
Schwitters, Red wire sculpture, 1944, stone and metal
Schwitters, Mother and Egg, 1945–47, mixed media sculpture
Schwitters, Still life with wine bottle and fruit, c. 1948, oil on canvas
Posthumous reputation[edit]
Merzbarn[edit]
One entire wall of the Merzbarn was removed to the Hatton Gallery in Newcastle for safe keeping. The shell of the barn remains in Elterwater, near Ambleside.[57][58] [59] In 2011 the barn, but not the artwork inside it, was reconstructed in the front courtyard of the Royal Academy in London as part of its exhibition Modern British Sculpture.[60]
sampled Schwitters's recording of Ursonate for the "Kurt's Rejoinder" track on his 1977 album, Before and after Science.[72]
Brian Eno
included Anna Blume in a mix in his Sound Unbound project.
DJ Spooky
A fictionalised account of Schwitters's encounter with a boy in London and their dispute over a bus ticket is the subject of , an opera by Michael Nyman and Michael Hastings.[75]
Man and Boy: Dada
The German hip-hop band quoted from his poem An Anna Blume in their hit single "ANNA".[76]
Freundeskreis
made a short film on Schwitters' life, titled The Man with Wheels (1980, directed by Eugean Doyan).[78]
Billy Childish
include extracts from Ursonate in their song "Ratatatay". The song references George Melly's anecdote about spontaneously reciting Ursonate, in order to scare off a pair of robbers.[79]
Chumbawamba
include samples of member N. U. Unruh reciting Ursonate in the song "Let's Do It A Dada" on the album Alles wieder offen.
Einstürzende Neubauten
Contemporary artists Jutta Koether, Carl Michael von Hausswolff, Kenneth Goldsmith, Eline McGeorge and Karl Holmqvist were commissioned to make new installation works in 2009 in response to Kurt Schwitters as part of the Senses exhibition which took place in Ålesund, Norway (2009) and at Chisenhale Gallery, London (2010).
[80]
Three members of the band were brought up near Schwitters's home in Cumbria. They have referenced his work in their songs and used a recording of Ursonate at their live shows. Jan Scott Wilkinson of the band contributed to Tate Britain's Schwitters retrospective in 2013.[81]
British Sea Power
dedicated the track "Merzsuite – Let Us Join Together in a Tune, Umore, Futt Futt Futt" on his album Amerika to Kurt Schwitters.[82]
Tonio K
American author uses the name Anna Blume repeatedly in his works. For example, the main character in In the Country of Last Things is named Anna Blume.[83]
Paul Auster
Ed Ackerman and Colin Morton's 1986 stop-action animation has a soundtrack of part of "Ursonate" and visuals are spellings of the sounds done by an unseen typewriter.[84]
Primiti Too Taa
The multi-channel sound work Urbirds singing the Sonata by the artist Astrid Seme narrates what Kurt Schwitters might have heard when he wrote the Ursonate and its rhythmic score.
[85]
Burns Gamard, Elizabeth. Kurt Schwitters' Merzbau: The Cathedral of Erotic Misery, Princeton Architectural Press, 2000, 1-56898-136-8
ISBN
Cardinal, Roger, and Webster, Gwendolen. Kurt Schwitters, Hatje Cantz, Stuttgart, 2011 (versions in English and in German)
Crossley, Barbara. The Triumph of Kurt Schwitters, Armitt Trust Ambleside, 2005
Elderfield, John. Kurt Schwitters, Thames and Hudson, London, 1985
Elsner, John, and Cardinal, Roger (eds.) The Cultures of Collecting, Reaktion Books, London, 1994
Feaver, William. "Alien at Ambleside", The Sunday Times Magazine, 18 August 1974, 27–34
Fiske, Lars, and Kverneland, Steffen. Kanon (3 volumes) – a Norwegian comic biography
Germundson, Curt. "Montage and Totality: Kurt Schwitters' relationship to tradition and avant-garde", in Jones, Dafydd (ed.), Dada Culture: Critical Texts on the Avant-Garde, Rodopi, Amsterdam/New York 2006, 156–186
Hausmann, Raoul and Schwitters, Kurt; Reichardt, Jasia, ed. PIN, Gaberbocchus Press (1962); Anabas-Verlag, Giessen (1986)
Luke, Megan R., Kurt Schwitters: Space, Image, Exile, Chicago: , 2013, ISBN 9780226085180
University of Chicago Press
McBride, Patrizia C. "The Game of Meaning: Collage, Montage, And Parody In Kurt Schwitters' Merz". Modernism/Modernity 14.2 (2007): 249–272
McBride, Patrizia. "Montage And Violence In Weimar Culture: Kurt Schwitters' Reassembled Individuals". Contemplating Violence: Critical Studies in Modern German Culture. 245–265. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Rodopi, 2011
Notz, Adrian and Obrist, Hans Ulrich (ed.), With contributions by Peter Bissegger, Stefano Boeri, Dietmar Elger, Yona Friedman, Thomas Hirschhorn, Karin Orchard, Gwendolen Webster.
'Processing the Complicated Order. The Merzbau Today'.
Rothenberg, Jerome, and Joris, Pierre (eds.) Kurt Schwitters, poems, performance, pieces, proses, play poetics, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1993
Schwitters, Kurt (ed.) Merz 1923–32. Hanover, 1923–1932 [numbered 1–24; nos. 10, 22–23 never published: .
see also the University of Iowa Dada archive
Themerson, Stefan. Kurt Schwitters in England 1940–1948, Gaberbocchus Press (1958) [includes poems and writings by Schwitters]
Themerson, Stefan. "Kurt Schwitters on a Time-Chart" in Typographica 16, December 1967, 29–48
. The Making of an Englishman, Gollancz (1960)
Uhlman, Fred
Webster, Gwendolen. doctoral dissertation, Open University, 2007
'Kurt Schwitters' Merzbau'
Webster, Gwendolen. Kurt Merz Schwitters, a Biographical Study, University of Wales Press, 1997, 0-7083-1438-4
ISBN
Webster, Gwendolen. in German Life and Letters 1999, vol. 52, no. 4, 443–456
Kurt Schwitters and Katherine Dreier
Exhibition catalogue, In the Beginning was Merz – From Kurt Schwitters to the Present Day, Sprengel Museum Hanover, Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern, 2000
Exhibition catalogue, Kurt Schwitters in Exile: The late work, 1937–1948, Marlborough Fine Art, 1981
Exhibition catalogue, Kurt Schwitters, Galerie Gmurzynska, 1978
. BBC News. 29 January 2013.
"Kurt Schwitters: Portrait of a starving artist"
. The Wire. May 2019.
"Adam de la Cour & Neil Luck Perform Kurt Schwitters "Ursonate""
Bader, Graham (2021). . Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-25708-3.
Poisoned Abstraction: Kurt Schwitters Between Revolution and Exile
Schwitters, Kurt (10 March 2021). . University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-12939-6.
Myself and My Aims: Writings on Art and Criticism
Review of both books: Foster, Hal (10 March 2022). . London Review of Books. 44 (5). Retrieved 15 March 2023.
"Anyone can do collage"
Gallery of his works, with information on each (German)
Kurt Schwitters Archive, Sprengel Museum, Hanover (information about Schwitters and his work, at present only in German)
Kurt Schwitters Society UK
Scans of Schwitters's publication Merz
Works from the Guggenheim Collection
Cut & Paste: A History of Photomontage
Information on copyright from the Kurt Schwitters Foundation
a project run by the German Studies Section at the School of Modern Languages at Newcastle University