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Kurt Schwitters

Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters (20 June 1887 – 8 January 1948) was a German artist. He was born in Hanover, Germany, but lived in exile from 1937.

Kurt Schwitters

Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters

(1887-06-20)20 June 1887

8 January 1948(1948-01-08) (aged 60)

Kendal, England

Dancing, collage, artist's book, installation, sculpture, poetry

Das Undbild, 1919

Schwitters worked in several genres and media, including Dadaism, constructivism, surrealism, poetry, sound, painting, sculpture, graphic design, typography, and what came to be known as installation art. He is most famous for his collages, called "Merz Pictures".

Schwitters, The Grave of Alves Bäsenstiel, 1919, drawing (narrator's name in his poem An Anna Blume)

Schwitters, The Grave of Alves Bäsenstiel, 1919, drawing (narrator's name in his poem An Anna Blume)

Schwitters, Merz-drawing 47, 1920, collage on board

Schwitters, Merz-drawing 47, 1920, collage on board

Schwitters, Merz-drawing 85, Zig-Zag Red, 1920, collage

Schwitters, Merz-drawing 85, Zig-Zag Red, 1920, collage

Schwitters, Merz 458 Wriedt, 1922, collage

Schwitters, Merz 458 Wriedt, 1922, collage

Schwitters Merz 1. - Holland Dada, 1923, printed cover of his first Merz-publication

Schwitters Merz 1. - Holland Dada, 1923, printed cover of his first Merz-publication

Poster for Dada Matinée, Jan. 1923, printed poster, announcing Kurt Schwitters, Theo van Doesburg & his wife Nelly

Poster for Dada Matinée, Jan. 1923, printed poster, announcing Kurt Schwitters, Theo van Doesburg & his wife Nelly

Schwitters, Abstract Composition, 1923–25, oil-painting

Schwitters, Abstract Composition, 1923–25, oil-painting

Schwitters, untitled (Agfa-Filmpack), c. 1925, collage

Schwitters, untitled (Agfa-Filmpack), c. 1925, collage

Schwitters, untitled (Hamburg elevated train), 1929, collage on paper on board

Schwitters, untitled (Hamburg elevated train), 1929, collage on paper on board

Schwitters, Merz 30, 42, 1930, collage

Schwitters, Merz 30, 42, 1930, collage

Schwitters, untitled (Chessman), 1941, collage, oil, paper and wood on plywood

Schwitters, untitled (Chessman), 1941, collage, oil, paper and wood on plywood

Schwitters, untitled, early 1940s, collage

Schwitters, untitled, early 1940s, collage

Schwitters, Red wire sculpture, 1944, stone and metal

Schwitters, Red wire sculpture, 1944, stone and metal

Schwitters, Mother and Egg, 1945–47, mixed media sculpture

Schwitters, Mother and Egg, 1945–47, mixed media sculpture

Schwitters, Still life with wine bottle and fruit, c. 1948, oil on canvas

Schwitters, Still life with wine bottle and fruit, c. 1948, oil on canvas

Posthumous reputation[edit]

Merzbarn[edit]

One entire wall of the Merzbarn was removed to the Hatton Gallery in Newcastle for safe keeping. The shell of the barn remains in Elterwater, near Ambleside.[57][58] [59] In 2011 the barn, but not the artwork inside it, was reconstructed in the front courtyard of the Royal Academy in London as part of its exhibition Modern British Sculpture.[60]

sampled Schwitters's recording of Ursonate for the "Kurt's Rejoinder" track on his 1977 album, Before and after Science.[72]

Brian Eno

Electronic music duo used Ursonate in Schwitt/Urs on Quasi-Objects.[73]

Matmos

included Anna Blume in a mix in his Sound Unbound project.

DJ Spooky

Japanese musician took his name from Schwitters.[74]

Merzbow

A fictionalised account of Schwitters's encounter with a boy in London and their dispute over a bus ticket is the subject of , an opera by Michael Nyman and Michael Hastings.[75]

Man and Boy: Dada

The German hip-hop band quoted from his poem An Anna Blume in their hit single "ANNA".[76]

Freundeskreis

The band Faust have a song entitled "Dr. Schwitters snippet".[77]

krautrock

made a short film on Schwitters' life, titled The Man with Wheels (1980, directed by Eugean Doyan).[78]

Billy Childish

include extracts from Ursonate in their song "Ratatatay". The song references George Melly's anecdote about spontaneously reciting Ursonate, in order to scare off a pair of robbers.[79]

Chumbawamba

include samples of member N. U. Unruh reciting Ursonate in the song "Let's Do It A Dada" on the album Alles wieder offen.

Einstürzende Neubauten

Contemporary artists Jutta Koether, Carl Michael von Hausswolff, Kenneth Goldsmith, Eline McGeorge and Karl Holmqvist were commissioned to make new installation works in 2009 in response to Kurt Schwitters as part of the Senses exhibition which took place in Ålesund, Norway (2009) and at Chisenhale Gallery, London (2010).

[80]

Three members of the band were brought up near Schwitters's home in Cumbria. They have referenced his work in their songs and used a recording of Ursonate at their live shows. Jan Scott Wilkinson of the band contributed to Tate Britain's Schwitters retrospective in 2013.[81]

British Sea Power

dedicated the track "Merzsuite – Let Us Join Together in a Tune, Umore, Futt Futt Futt" on his album Amerika to Kurt Schwitters.[82]

Tonio K

American author uses the name Anna Blume repeatedly in his works. For example, the main character in In the Country of Last Things is named Anna Blume.[83]

Paul Auster

Ed Ackerman and Colin Morton's 1986 stop-action animation has a soundtrack of part of "Ursonate" and visuals are spellings of the sounds done by an unseen typewriter.[84]

Primiti Too Taa

The multi-channel sound work Urbirds singing the Sonata by the artist Astrid Seme narrates what Kurt Schwitters might have heard when he wrote the Ursonate and its rhythmic score.

[85]

Burns Gamard, Elizabeth. Kurt Schwitters' Merzbau: The Cathedral of Erotic Misery, Princeton Architectural Press, 2000,  1-56898-136-8

ISBN

Cardinal, Roger, and Webster, Gwendolen. Kurt Schwitters, Hatje Cantz, Stuttgart, 2011 (versions in English and in German)

Crossley, Barbara. The Triumph of Kurt Schwitters, Armitt Trust Ambleside, 2005

Elderfield, John. Kurt Schwitters, Thames and Hudson, London, 1985

Elsner, John, and Cardinal, Roger (eds.) The Cultures of Collecting, Reaktion Books, London, 1994

Feaver, William. "Alien at Ambleside", The Sunday Times Magazine, 18 August 1974, 27–34

Fiske, Lars, and Kverneland, Steffen. Kanon (3 volumes) – a Norwegian comic biography

Germundson, Curt. "Montage and Totality: Kurt Schwitters' relationship to tradition and avant-garde", in Jones, Dafydd (ed.), Dada Culture: Critical Texts on the Avant-Garde, Rodopi, Amsterdam/New York 2006, 156–186

Hausmann, Raoul and Schwitters, Kurt; Reichardt, Jasia, ed. PIN, Gaberbocchus Press (1962); Anabas-Verlag, Giessen (1986)

Luke, Megan R., Kurt Schwitters: Space, Image, Exile, Chicago: , 2013, ISBN 9780226085180

University of Chicago Press

McBride, Patrizia C. "The Game of Meaning: Collage, Montage, And Parody In Kurt Schwitters' Merz". Modernism/Modernity 14.2 (2007): 249–272

McBride, Patrizia. "Montage And Violence In Weimar Culture: Kurt Schwitters' Reassembled Individuals". Contemplating Violence: Critical Studies in Modern German Culture. 245–265. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Rodopi, 2011

Notz, Adrian and Obrist, Hans Ulrich (ed.), With contributions by Peter Bissegger, Stefano Boeri, Dietmar Elger, Yona Friedman, Thomas Hirschhorn, Karin Orchard, Gwendolen Webster.

'Processing the Complicated Order. The Merzbau Today'.

Ramade, Bénédicte. (2005) Dada: L'exposition/The Exhibition, Union-Distribution,  2-84426-278-3

ISBN

Rothenberg, Jerome, and Joris, Pierre (eds.) Kurt Schwitters, poems, performance, pieces, proses, play poetics, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1993

Schwitters, Kurt (ed.) Merz 1923–32. Hanover, 1923–1932 [numbered 1–24; nos. 10, 22–23 never published: .

see also the University of Iowa Dada archive

Themerson, Stefan. Kurt Schwitters in England 1940–1948, Gaberbocchus Press (1958) [includes poems and writings by Schwitters]

Themerson, Stefan. "Kurt Schwitters on a Time-Chart" in Typographica 16, December 1967, 29–48

. The Making of an Englishman, Gollancz (1960)

Uhlman, Fred

Webster, Gwendolen. doctoral dissertation, Open University, 2007

'Kurt Schwitters' Merzbau'

Webster, Gwendolen. Kurt Merz Schwitters, a Biographical Study, University of Wales Press, 1997,  0-7083-1438-4

ISBN

Webster, Gwendolen. in German Life and Letters 1999, vol. 52, no. 4, 443–456

Kurt Schwitters and Katherine Dreier

Exhibition catalogue, In the Beginning was Merz – From Kurt Schwitters to the Present Day, Sprengel Museum Hanover, Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern, 2000

Exhibition catalogue, Kurt Schwitters in Exile: The late work, 1937–1948, Marlborough Fine Art, 1981

Exhibition catalogue, Kurt Schwitters, Galerie Gmurzynska, 1978

. BBC News. 29 January 2013.

"Kurt Schwitters: Portrait of a starving artist"

. The Wire. May 2019.

"Adam de la Cour & Neil Luck Perform Kurt Schwitters "Ursonate""

Bader, Graham (2021). . Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-25708-3.

Poisoned Abstraction: Kurt Schwitters Between Revolution and Exile

Schwitters, Kurt (10 March 2021). . University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-12939-6.

Myself and My Aims: Writings on Art and Criticism

Review of both books: Foster, Hal (10 March 2022). . London Review of Books. 44 (5). Retrieved 15 March 2023.

"Anyone can do collage"

Gallery of his works, with information on each (German)

Kurt Schwitters Archive, Sprengel Museum, Hanover (information about Schwitters and his work, at present only in German)

Kurt Schwitters Society UK

Scans of Schwitters's publication Merz

Works from the Guggenheim Collection

Cut & Paste: A History of Photomontage

Information on copyright from the Kurt Schwitters Foundation

a project run by the German Studies Section at the School of Modern Languages at Newcastle University

"Schwitters@Newcastle"

at Library of Congress, with 75 library catalogue records

Kurt Schwitters

at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

Kurt Schwitters