Katana VentraIP

Same-sex parenting

Same-sex parenting (also known as rainbow families)[1] is the parenting of children by same-sex couples generally consisting of gays or lesbians who are often in civil partnerships, domestic partnerships, civil unions, or same-sex marriages.

Opponents of same-sex parenting argue that it has an adverse impact on children. However, scientific research consistently shows that lesbian and gay parents are as capable and fit as heterosexual parents and that children reared by lesbian and gay parents are as psychologically healthy and well-adjusted as those reared by heterosexual parents.[2][3][4][5][6] Major professional associations of physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, pediatricians, therapists, and social workers have not identified credible empirical research that suggests otherwise.[6][7][8][9][10]

Other aspects[edit]

Body-feeding[edit]

The term body-feeding refers to the feeding of one's baby milk to an infant directly from one's body.[105] Body-feeding is essential for the development of infants.[106] Though there is a large transgender and gender diverse population, the quantitative and qualitative research regarding body-feeding is relatively small.[106] Though widely known as breastfeeding, new gender-affirming terms have developed: body-feeding and chest-feeding. These terms took note after transgender males (female to male) found discomfort in the terms "breastfeeding" and "lactation".


Studies done on the breastfeeding or chestfeeding practices of transgender or gender diverse parents are extremely limited. A study done focused on the socio-demographic characteristics among parents with different breastfeeding or chestfeeding practices shows that mixed/artificial feeding (the use of formula and breast (or chest) milk) is widely used for families with higher annual incomes (100-200k) with 73.0% utilizing mixed/artificial feeding.[106] Results from this study show that most transgender or gender diverse populations prefer mixed/artificial feedings instead of exclusive chestfeeding.[106]

Coparenting

LGBT reproduction

LGBT adoption

LGBT adoption in Europe

LGBT youth vulnerability

Marriage promotion

Same-sex marriage and the family

Surrogacy

Third party reproduction

Social


Medical:


Publications


Research:

Digoix, Marie (2020). . Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-37054-1.

Same-Sex Families and Legal Recognition in Europe

Goodfellow, Aaron (2015). Gay Fathers, Their Children, and the Making of Kinship. New York: Fordham University Press.  9780823266036. OCLC 892895171.

ISBN

Hérault, Laurence, ed. (2014). La parenté transgenre. Aix-en-Provence: Presses universitaires de Provence.  9782853999328. OCLC 881703694.

ISBN

Mazrekaj, Deni; De Witte, Kristof; Cabus, Sofie (2020). . American Sociological Review. 85 (5): 830–856. doi:10.1177/0003122420957249.

"School Outcomes of Children Raised by Same-Sex Parents: Evidence from Administrative Panel Data"

Archived 2011-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (2007)

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Parented Families – A Literature Review prepared for The Australian Psychological Society

(2006), a publication by the ACLU, includes a detailed review of studies and research.

Too High a Price – The Case Against Restricting Gay Parenting (updated second edition)

(2005)

American Psychological Association (APA) Public Interest Directorate: Research Summary on Lesbian and Gay Parenting

(2005)

Brief presented to the Legislative House of Commons Committee on Bill C38 By the Canadian Psychological Association

Lesbian and Gay Parents and Their Children: Research on the Family Life Cycle