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Larry Kramer

Laurence David Kramer (June 25, 1935 – May 27, 2020) was an American playwright, author, film producer, public health advocate, and gay rights activist. He began his career rewriting scripts while working for Columbia Pictures, which led him to London, where he worked with United Artists. There he wrote the screenplay for the film Women in Love (1969) and received an Academy Award nomination for his work.

For other people named Larry Kramer, see Larry Kramer (disambiguation).

Larry Kramer

Laurence David Kramer
(1935-06-25)June 25, 1935
Bridgeport, Connecticut, U.S.

May 27, 2020(2020-05-27) (aged 84)
New York City, U.S.

  • Screenwriter
  • novelist
  • essayist
  • playwright

1960s–2020

David Webster
(m. 2013)

Arthur Kramer (brother)

In 1978, Kramer introduced a controversial and confrontational style in his novel Faggots, which earned mixed reviews and emphatic denunciations from elements within the gay community for Kramer's portrayal of what he characterized as shallow, promiscuous gay relationships in the 1970s.


Kramer witnessed the spread of the disease later known as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) among his friends in 1980. He co-founded the Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC), which has become the world's largest private organization assisting people living with AIDS. Kramer grew frustrated with bureaucratic paralysis and the apathy of gay men to the AIDS crisis, and wished to engage in further action than the social services GMHC provided. He expressed his frustration by writing a play titled The Normal Heart, produced at The Public Theater in New York City in 1985.


His political activism continued with the founding of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) in 1987, an influential direct action protest organization with the aim of gaining more public action to fight the AIDS crisis. ACT UP has been widely credited with changing public health policy and the perception of people living with AIDS, and with raising awareness of HIV and AIDS-related diseases.[1]


Kramer was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for his play The Destiny of Me (1992), and he was a two-time recipient of the Obie Award.

Early life[edit]

Laurence David Kramer was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, the younger of two children. His mother, Rea (née Wishengrad), worked as a shoe store employee, teacher, and social worker for Red Cross. His father, George Kramer, worked as a government attorney.[2] His older brother, Arthur Kramer was born in 1927. The family was Jewish.[3]


Kramer was considered an "unwanted child" by his parents, who struggled to find work during the American Great Depression.[4] When the family moved to Maryland, they found themselves in a much lower socioeconomic bracket than that of Kramer's high school peers. Kramer had become sexually involved with a male friend in junior high school. His father wanted him to marry a woman with money and pressured him to become a member of Pi Tau Pi, a Jewish fraternity.[5]


Kramer's father, older brother Arthur, and two uncles were alumni of Yale University.[6] Kramer enrolled at Yale College in 1953, where he had difficulty adjusting. He felt lonely, and earned lower grades than those to which he was accustomed. He attempted suicide by an overdose of aspirin because he felt like he was the "only gay student on campus".[6][7] The experience left him determined to explore his sexuality and set him on the path to fight "for gay people's worth".[6] The next semester, he had an affair with his German professor – his first requited romantic relationship with a man.[8] Kramer enjoyed the Varsity Glee Club during his remaining time at Yale,[9] and he graduated in 1957 with a degree in English.[10] He served in the U.S. Army Reserve before beginning his film writing and production career.[11]

Sissies' Scrapbook, aka Four Friends (1973)

[75]

A Minor Dark Age (1973)

[76]

(1985)

The Normal Heart

(1988)

Just Say No, A Play about a Farce

The Furniture of Home (1989)

(1992)

The Destiny of Me

1970: Nominated for the for Women in Love for his screenplay adaptation of the novel by D. H. Lawrence[48][81]

Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay

1993: finalist for The Destiny of Me[48][82]

Pulitzer Prize

1993: Winner of two for The Destiny of Me[48][83]

Obie Awards

1996: , Award in Literature[48][84][85]

American Academy of Arts and Letters

1996: Public Service Award from [84][86]

Common Cause

1999: The Normal Heart named as one of the Hundred Best Plays of the 20th Century by the [87]

National Theatre of Great Britain

2005: Elected to the [88]

American Philosophical Society

2006: Named by as one of their 31 Icons of the LGBT History Month.[89]

Equality Forum

2011: The Normal Heart won the [90]

Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play

2012: Montgomery Fellowship at [91]

Dartmouth College

2013: for a Master American Dramatist[92]

PEN/Laura Pels International Foundation for Theater Award

2014: for the HBO movie adaptation of The Normal Heart[93]

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special

2015: Inaugural Larry Kramer Activism Award from [94]

Gay Men's Health Crisis

2020: In June 2020, Kramer was added among American "pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes" on the within the Stonewall National Monument (SNM) in New York City's Stonewall Inn.[95][96][97] The SNM is the first U.S. national monument dedicated to LGBTQ rights and history.[98]

National LGBTQ Wall of Honor

LGBT culture in New York City

List of LGBT people from New York City

Paul Monette: The Brink of Summer's End

Kramer's early activism is featured in the second episode of the fifth season of the podcast Fiasco, hosted by .[99]

Leon Neyfakh

Clendinen, Dudley, and Nagourney, Adam (1999). Out for Good, Simon & Schuster.  0-684-81091-3

ISBN

Marcus, Eric (2002). Making Gay History, HarperCollins Publishers.  0-06-093391-7

ISBN

Mass, Lawrence, ed. (1997). We Must Love One Another or Die: The Life and Legacies of Larry Kramer, St. Martin's Press.  0-312-17704-6

ISBN

(1987). And The Band Played On, St . Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-00994-1

Shilts, Randy

"The Making of an AIDS Activist: Larry Kramer," pp. 162–164, Johansson, Warren and Percy, William A. New York and London: Haworth Press, 1994.

Outing: Shattering the Conspiracy of Silence.

"Public Nuisance, Larry Kramer the man who warned America about AIDS, can't stop fighting hard and loudly." Michael Specter, The New Yorker, May 13, 2002.

Media related to Larry Kramer at Wikimedia Commons

at IMDb

Larry Kramer

on C-SPAN

Appearances

Video from TODAY Show 1983: A vivid reminder of initial AIDS scare

TODAY Show

in 1994 for a segment on "Stonewall: 25 years" by The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour in the American Archive of Public Broadcasting

Interviewed

. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.

Larry Kramer Papers