Katana VentraIP

Local government in New Zealand

New Zealand has a unitary system of government in which the authority of the central government defines sub-national entities. Local government in New Zealand has only the powers conferred upon it by the New Zealand Parliament.[1] Under the Local Government Act 2002, local authorities are responsible for enabling democratic local decision-making and promoting the social, economic, environmental, and cultural well-being of their communities, as well as more specific functions for which they have delegated authority.

As of 2020, seventy-eight local authorities cover all areas of New Zealand.[1] Local authorities are positioned within a two-tier structure of territorial authorities (district and city councils) and superimposed regional councils. In addition, until their abolition in 2022, district health boards were locally-elected bodies with responsibilities for oversight of health and disability services within a specified area, although these boards were not generally considered to be local authorities in the conventional sense.

The is one of the primary pieces of legislation for the sector, along with the Local Government Act 1974 (much of which is repealed). It provides for the purpose of local government and key functions including the council's governance and service provision responsibilities, strategic and financial planning requirements, and consultation procedures.

Local Government Act 2002

The (the RMA) has replaced the Town and Country Planning Act 1977 as the main local government planning legislation.[17] The RMA also includes environmental protection laws.

Resource Management Act 1991

The empowers local authorities to finance themselves by collecting property taxes.

Local Government (Rating) Act 2002

The provides for the public right of access to council-held information, and for council decisions to be made in public meetings.

Local Government Official Information and Meetings Act 1987

Elections and local referendums are held in accordance with the .

Local Electoral Act 2001

Other responsibilities are prescribed under specific statutes such as the and the Dog Control Act 2000.

Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act 2012

particularly air and water quality and catchment control under the Resource Management Act 1991.[17]

environmental management

regional aspects of .[21]

civil defence

transportation planning and contracting of subsidised public passenger transport.

[26]

(either paper-based booth voting or all-postal voting);

voting method

electoral system (either or the single transferable vote);

first-past-the-post voting

the number of members on the council, excluding the mayor (between 6 and 29, except for Auckland Council which is fixed at 20);

whether those councillors are elected at-large or through a system of (and decide the boundaries for those wards);

wards

whether the district will have dedicated Māori representation; and

the order of names on the voting document.

Remuneration[edit]

Under the Remuneration Authority Act 1977 and clauses 6 and 7A of Schedule 7 of the Local Government Act 2002, pay rates for members of local bodies are set each year by the Remuneration Authority. In 2021 the annual salary scales ranged from $296,000 for the Mayor of Auckland to $2,030 for members of several community boards.[59]


In the 1895 Local Government Bill, which failed to pass, it was proposed council chairmen should be paid £400 a year.[60] Section 15 of the Local Bodies' Proceedings and Powers Act 1953 allowed up to £750 (in 2022 equivalent to about $48,000) for Mayors of Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin and £500 for the chairmen of counties.[61]

represents the interests of local government bodies

Local Government New Zealand

, a monthly trade magazine published since 1964

New Zealand Local Government

New Zealand local government and human rights

including associated states and dependencies

Realm of New Zealand

New Zealand outlying islands

Local Government Act 1974 (New Zealand)

Local Government Act 2002

Local elections in New Zealand

– Official website (maintained by the Department of Internal Affairs)

Local Councils

– a regional council driven funding scheme

Envirolink

– legislation.govt.nz

Relevant legislation