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Lost Battalion (World War I)

The Lost Battalion is the name given to the nine companies of the US 77th Division, roughly 554 men, isolated by German forces during World War I after an American attack in the Argonne Forest in October 1918. Roughly 197 were killed in action and approximately 150 missing or taken prisoner before the 194 remaining men were rescued. They were led by Major Charles W. Whittlesey. On 2 October, the 77th division launched an attack into the Argonne, under the belief that French forces were supporting their left flank and two American units including the 92nd Infantry Division were supporting their right.[1] Within the 77th sector, some units, including Whittlesey's 308th Infantry, were making significant headway. Unknown to Whittlesey's unit, the units to their left and right had been stalled. Without this knowledge, the units that would become known as the Lost Battalion moved beyond the rest of the Allied line and found themselves surrounded by German forces. For the next six days, suffering heavy losses, the men of the Lost Battalion and the American units desperate to relieve them would fight an intense battle in the Argonne Forest.

For other uses of "Lost Battalion", see Lost Battalion (disambiguation).

The Lost Battalion

October 1918

October 7, 1918

 United States

The battalion suffered many hardships. Food was scarce and water was available only by crawling, under fire, to a nearby stream. Ammunition ran low. Communications were also a problem, and at times they would be bombarded by shells from their own artillery. Attempts to resupply the battalion by airdrop failed, with all the supplies going off target, either getting lost in the woods or falling into German hands. As every runner dispatched by Whittlesey either became lost or ran into German patrols, carrier pigeons became the only method of communicating with headquarters. In an infamous incident on 4 October, inaccurate coordinates were delivered by one of the pigeons and the unit was subjected to friendly fire. The unit was saved by another pigeon, Cher Ami,[2] delivering the following message:


Despite this, they held their ground and caused enough of a distraction for other Allied units to break through the German lines, which forced the Germans to retreat.

Maj. (Commander, 1-308th Inf )

Charles W. Whittlesey

Capt. (Commander, 2-308th Inf)

George G. McMurtry

Capt. (Commander, Company K, 3-307th Inf)

Nelson M. Holderman

1Lt. (Pilot, 50th Aero Squadron)

Harold E. Goettler

2Lt. (Observer, 50th Aero Squadron)

Erwin R. Bleckley

Sgt. (Company K, 3-308th Inf)

Benjamin Kaufman

Pvt. (Company A, 1-308th Inf)

Archie A. Peck

one of the carrier pigeons used during the battle

Cher Ami

Meuse-Argonne Offensive

Frisbee, John. "". Air Force Magazine (December 1984):183.

Valor: Valley of Shadow

Holman, John. "". National Service (January 1919): 21, 62.

Lieut.-Col. Charles W. Whittlesey

Laplander, Robert (2007). Finding the Lost Battalion. Wisconsin.  978-1-4116-7656-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

ISBN

McCollum, Lee Charles. History and Rhymes of the Lost Battalion. Columbus, Ohio: 1929. First person memoir.  2141942

OCLC

Slotkin, Richard. Lost Battalions: The Great War and the Crisis of American nationality. New York: Holt, 2005.  0805041249

ISBN

Archived May 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

Pictures of the area in 2005 by Martin Galle

Personal account of private Ralph E. John

The IMDB page

Example letter delivered via carrier pigeon in October 1918

California and the Lost Battalion

Irving W. Greenwald Collection (AFC/2001/001/101358), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Diary of Private Irving Greenwald

at the New-York Historical Society

David Tulchin papers

Robert Laplander speaking about the Lost Battalion and remembrance events since the battle