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Marian Anderson

Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897 – April 8, 1993)[1] was an American contralto. She performed a wide range of music, from opera to spirituals. Anderson performed with renowned orchestras in major concert and recital venues throughout the United States and Europe between 1925 and 1965.

For other people with similar names, see Marion Anderson (disambiguation).

Marian Anderson

(1897-02-27)February 27, 1897

April 8, 1993(1993-04-08) (aged 96)

Operatic contralto

Anderson was an important figure in the struggle for African American artists to overcome racial prejudice in the United States during the mid-twentieth century. In 1939, during the period of racial segregation, the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) refused to allow Anderson to sing to an integrated audience in Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C. The incident placed Anderson in the spotlight of the international community on a level unusual for a classical musician. With the aid of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and her husband, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Anderson performed a critically acclaimed open-air concert on Easter Sunday, April 9, 1939, on the Lincoln Memorial steps in the capital. The event was featured in a documentary film, Marian Anderson: The Lincoln Memorial Concert. She sang before an integrated crowd of more than 75,000 people and a radio audience in the millions.


On January 7, 1955, Anderson became the first African American singer to perform at the Metropolitan Opera. In addition, she worked as a delegate to the United Nations Human Rights Committee[2] and as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United States Department of State, giving concerts all over the world. She participated in the civil rights movement in the 1960s, singing at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963. The recipient of numerous awards and honors, Anderson was awarded the first Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, the Congressional Gold Medal in 1977, the Kennedy Center Honors in 1978, the National Medal of Arts in 1986, and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1991.

Newsreel footage of Anderson's concert at the Lincoln Memorial
Lincoln Memorial concert, April 9, 1939

Lincoln Memorial concert, April 9, 1939

Mitchell Jamieson's 1943 mural An Incident in Contemporary American Life, at the United States Department of the Interior Building, depicting the scene

Mitchell Jamieson's 1943 mural An Incident in Contemporary American Life, at the United States Department of the Interior Building, depicting the scene

Anderson at the Department of the Interior in 1943, commemorating her 1939 concert

Anderson at the Department of the Interior in 1943, commemorating her 1939 concert

Portrait of Marian Anderson by Laura Wheeler Waring (1944).

Portrait of Marian Anderson by Laura Wheeler Waring (1944).

1939: Spingarn Medal[68]

NAACP

1963: [69]

Presidential Medal of Freedom

1973: Glee Club Award of Merit[70]

University of Pennsylvania

1973: [71]

National Women's Hall of Fame

1977: United Nations Peace Prize

[72]

1977: New York City – [72]

Handel Medallion

1977: [73]

Congressional Gold Medal

1978: [74]

Kennedy Center Honors

1980: gold commemorative medal[75]

United States Treasury Department

1984: Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award of the City of New York

[76]

1986: [77]

National Medal of Arts

1991: [78]

Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award

Honorary doctorate from , Temple University, Smith College[79]

Howard University

1998: [80]

American Classical Music Hall of Fame

She was an example and an inspiration to both and Jessye Norman.[1]

Leontyne Price

: The anthology radio drama Destination Freedom recapped her earlier life in the episode "Choir Girl from Philadelphia".[81]

1948

1976: Among the historical figures featured in the artwork , The Telephone's 100th Birthday by Stanley Meltzoff for Bell System.[82]

Our Nation's 200th Birthday

1999: A one-act musical play entitled My Lord, What a Morning: The Marian Anderson Story was produced by the .[83] The musical took its title from Anderson's memoir, published by Viking in 1956.[84]

Kennedy Center

2001: The 1939 documentary film, was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."[1]

Marian Anderson: The Lincoln Memorial Concert

2002: included Anderson in his book,100 Greatest African Americans.[85]

Molefi Kete Asante

2005: honored Anderson as part of the Black Heritage series.[86] Anderson is also pictured on the US$5,000 Series I United States Savings Bond.[87]

U.S. postage stamp

2008: A documentary, Freedom Song produced by Ekene Akalawu, was first broadcast on January 24, 2008.[88]

BBC Radio 4

2011: The , in Philadelphia, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[89][90]

Marian Anderson House

2016: The Union Baptist Church (Built 1915–16), 1910 Fitzwater Street, Philadelphia, PA, was added to the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places, under Criteria A and J, the former being for its association with Marian Anderson, providing regulatory protection to the building from alteration and demolition.

[91]

2016: announced that Anderson would appear along with Eleanor Roosevelt and Martin Luther King Jr. on the back of the redesigned US$5 bill scheduled to be unveiled in the year 2020, the 100th anniversary of 19th Amendment of the Constitution that granted women in America the right to vote.[92][93]

Jack Lew

2021: Anderson's life and the 1939 Constitution Hall controversy and her subsequent concert at the were the subject of a documentary, Voice of Freedom, that aired as an episode of American Experience on PBS.[94]

Lincoln Memorial

London, England, has a pub called The Marian Anderson, on Bowling Green Lane, , London EC1R 0BJ.

Clerkenwell

2024: It was announced that Verizon Hall at the will be renamed Marian Anderson Hall in her honor[95]

Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts

The life and art of Anderson has been commemorated by writers, artists, and city, state, and national organizations. The following is a selected list:

Marian Anderson Award[edit]

The Marian Anderson Award was established in 1943 by Anderson after she was awarded the $25,000 from The Philadelphia Award in 1940 by the city of Philadelphia. Anderson used the award money to establish a singing competition to help support young singers. The prize fund was exhausted in due course and disbanded in 1976. In 1990, the award was re-established and has dispensed $25,000 annually. In 1998, the Marian Anderson Award prize money was restructured to be given to an established artist, not necessarily a singer, who exhibits leadership in a humanitarian area.[96]

List of African American firsts

List of rallies and protest marches in Washington, D.C.

Marian Anderson House

Keiler, Allan (2000). . Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-80711-9.

Marian Anderson: A Singer's Journey

Sources

The Sound of Freedom: Marian Anderson, the Lincoln Memorial, and the Concert that Awakened America. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-1-59691-578-7.

Arsenault, Raymond

The Voice that Challenged a Nation: Marian Anderson and the Struggle for Equal Rights. New York: Clarion Books, 2004. ISBN 978-0-618-15976-5.

Freedman, Russell

Sims-Wood, Janet L, Marian Anderson: An Annotated Bibliography and Discography. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1981.  978-0-313-22559-8.

ISBN

(1996). Singers of the Century. London: Amadeus Press. pp. 46–50. ISBN 978-1-57467-009-7.

Steane, J. B.

Story, Rosalyn (1993). And So I Sing: African American Divas of Opera and Concert. New York: Amistad Press.  978-1-56743-011-0.

ISBN

Vehanen, Kosti (2018) [1941]. Marian Anderson: A Portrait. New York: Forgotten Books.  978-0-8371-4051-3.

ISBN

FemBio,

"Marian Anderson"

Hamilton, David. (1987). . New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Tokyo: Simon and Schuster, p. 22. ISBN 0-671-61732-X.

The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Guide to the World of Opera

Hamilton, Mary. (1990). . New York, Oxford, Sydney: Facts On File, p. 17. ISBN 0-8160-2340-9.

A–Z of Opera

Carlton Higginbotham,

"Biography of Marian Anderson"

and John Warrack (1979, 2nd ed.). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera. London, New York and Melbourne: Oxford University Press, p. 11. ISBN 0-19-311318-X.

Rosenthal, Harold

and Christina Bashford (1992). The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 1, p. 123. ISBN 0-935859-92-6.

Sadie, Stanley

Sadie, Stanley and John Tyrrell. (2001).. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 1, p. 615. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians

Virtual Museum of History,

"Marian Anderson"

and Ewan West (1996). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press, p. 13. ISBN 0-19-280028-0.

Warrack, John

at AllMusic

Marian Anderson

discography at Discogs

Marian Anderson

on Discography of American Historical Recordings

Marian Anderson

on Bach Cantatas

Marian Anderson: Biography and Bach Cantatas Recordings

Marian Anderson Historical Society

The singer's former practice studio, now the Marian Anderson Studio, relocated to the Danbury Museum and Historical Society

(MetOpera database)

Metropolitan Opera performances

The short film is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.

Army-Navy Screen Magazine, No. 41 (Reel 2) (1944)

PBS American Masters "Marian Anderson: The Whole World in Her Hands"

in the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Special Collection

Marian Anderson Papers

Online exhibition

FBI file

Marian Anderson

at IMDb

Marian Anderson

(click on MP3 link)

Voice of America segment on Marian Anderson

Marian Anderson singing the at President Dwight Eisenhower's second inauguration in 1957. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jhJV7TyAFPg

National Anthem