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Marzabotto massacre

The Marzabotto massacre, or more correctly, the massacre of Monte Sole, was a World War II war crime consisting of the mass murder of at least 770 civilians by Nazi troops, which took place in the territory around the small village of Marzabotto, in the mountainous area south of Bologna. It was the largest massacre of civilians committed by the Waffen SS in western Europe during the war. It is also the deadliest mass shooting in the history of Italy.

Marzabotto massacre

Marzabotto, Italy

29 September – 5 October 1944

Italian civilians

Massacre

~ 770

16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SS

The British tried SS General for his part in the massacre. He was sentenced to death, later changed to life in prison. Simon was released in 1954 and died in 1961.

Max Simon

The Americans arrested SS Major , an Austrian national, in Salzburg, and handed him over to the British. Reder was extradited to Italy in May 1948 to stand trial for war crimes. In 1951 he was tried in an Italian military court in Bologna. He was sentenced to life imprisonment in the military prison at Gaeta. He was released in 1985 and died six years later in 1991.

Walter Reder

In 1998, on the 54th anniversary of the massacre, the German President made a formal apology to Italy and expressed his "profound sorrow and shame" to the families of the victims of Marzabotto.

Johannes Rau

In January 2007, 10 of 17 suspected former SS members were found guilty by an Italian military tribunal in the north Italian town of La Spezia. They were sentenced to life imprisonment for the massacre. The Italian media reported that the 10 were also ordered to pay roughly €100 million to the survivors and relatives of the victims. Seven suspects were acquitted.[2]

in absentia

(1915–1944), priest, Gold Medal of Military Valour, Servo di Dio

Giovanni Fornasini

(1918–1944), priest

Ubaldo Marchioni

The 1975 film , which deals with philosophical themes about fascism, consumerism and the abuse of power, features a scene where hostages in a nazi-fascist convoy drives through Marzabotto as one hostage tries to escape. The scene was not shot in the real Marzabotto location.

Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom

(2009) tells the story of the local Italian people, partisans and the Marzabotto massacre. It has won numerous awards. It features Raffaele Zabban playing Don Giovanni Fornasini, and Germano Maccioni playing Don Ubaldo Marchioni.

L'uomo Che Verrà

Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre

Lidice

Kľak

Oradour-sur-Glane massacre

Ochota massacre

Khatyn massacre

Italian Campaign (World War II)

List of massacres in Italy

German war crimes

Marzabotto: The Crimes of Walter Reder - SS-Sturmbannführer, by Christian Ortner (, 1985)

Vienna

Silence on Monte Sole, by (New York City, 1968) ISBN 0-213-17794-3

Jack Olsen

Don Giovanni Fornasini, Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d'Italia

in Italian

Peace School Foundation of Monte Sole

in Italian

Monte Sole Park

Massacres and Atrocities of World War II

The Man Who Will Come (L'uomo Che Verra)

44°18′37″N 11°13′11″E / 44.31028°N 11.21972°E / 44.31028; 11.21972