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Maxim Litvinov

Maxim Maximovich Litvinov (Russian pronunciation: [mɐkˈsʲim mɐkˈsʲiməvʲɪtɕ lʲɪˈtvʲinəf]; born Meir Henoch Wallach-Finkelstein; 17 July 1876 – 31 December 1951) was a Russian revolutionary and prominent Soviet statesman and diplomat who served as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs from 1930 to 1939.

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Maximovich and the family name is Litvinov.

Maxim Litvinov

Joseph Stalin

Konstantin Umansky

Andrei Gromyko

Vladimir Lenin

Boris Bakhmeteff

Ludwig Martens

Alexei Rykov
Vyacheslav Molotov

Georgy Chicherin

Vyacheslav Molotov

Meir Henoch Mojszewicz Wallach-Finkelstein

(1876-07-17)17 July 1876
Białystok, Russian Empire

31 December 1951(1951-12-31) (aged 75)
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union

Russian, Soviet

RSDLP (1898–1903)
RSDLP (Bolsheviks) (1903–1918)
Russian Communist Party (1918–1951)

Ivy Litvinov

Diplomat, civil servant

Litvinov was an advocate for diplomatic agreements leading to disarmament, and was influential in making the Soviet Union a party to the 1928 Kellogg–Briand Pact. He was also responsible for the 1929 Litvinov Protocol, a multilateral agreement to implement the Kellogg-Briand Pact between the Soviet Union and several neighboring states.


In 1930, Litvinov was appointed People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs, the highest diplomatic position in the USSR. During the 1930s, Litvinov advocated the official Soviet policy of collective security with Western powers against Nazi Germany.[1]

Foreign relations of the Soviet Union

Soviet–German relations before 1941

Holroyd-Doveton, John (2013). Maxim Litvinov: A Biography. Woodland Publications.  978-0957296107.

ISBN

Nekrich, Alexander; Ulam, Adam; Freeze, Gregory L., eds. (1997). Pariahs, Partners, Predators: German-Soviet Relations, 1922–1941. New York: Columbia University Press.  0231106769.

ISBN

Rappaport, Helen (2010). Conspirator: Lenin in Exile, The Making of a Revolutionary. Windmill Books.  978-0465013951.

ISBN

Resis, Albert (2000). "The Fall of Litvinov: Harbinger of the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact". Europe-Asia Studies. 52 (1): 33–56. :10.1080/09668130098253. JSTOR 153750. S2CID 153557275.

doi

Gorodetsky, Gabriel. Soviet Foreign Policy, 1917–1991: A Retrospective. London: Routledge, 1994.

Levin, Nora. The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917: Paradox of Survival. In Two Volumes. New York: New York University Press, 1988.

Lockhart, R.H. Bruce. Memoirs of a British Agent: Being an Account of the Author's Early Life in Many Lands and of his Official Mission to Moscow in 1918. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1933.

Nekrich, Aleksandr Moiseevich. Pariahs, Partners, Predators: German-Soviet Relations, 1922–1941 (Columbia University Press, 1997).

Osborne, Patrick R. Operation Pike: Britain Versus the Soviet Union, 1939–1941. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000.

Phillips, Hugh D. Between the revolution and the West: a political biography of Maxim M. Litvinov (Westview Press, 1992).

Roberts, Geoffrey. "Litvinov's Lost Peace, 1941–1946." Journal of Cold War Studies 4.2 (2002): 23–54.

Roberts, Geoffrey. "The Fall of Litvinov: A Revisionist View," Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 27, no. 4 (1992), pp. 639–657.

Saul, Norman E. Friends Or Foes?: The United States and Soviet Russia, 1921–1941 (University Press of Kansas, 2006).

Ulam, Ulam. Stalin: The Man and His Era. Boston: Beacon Press, 1989.

London: British Socialist Party, n.d. (1919).

The Bolshevik Revolution: Its Rise and Meaning.

(in Russian) six versions from various resources

Biography

(in English) , Soviet biography.

Maxim Litvinov

in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

Newspaper clippings about Maxim Litvinov