Katana VentraIP

Modern display of the Confederate battle flag

Although the Confederate States of America dissolved at the end of the American Civil War (1861–1865), its battle flag continues to be displayed as a symbol. The modern display began during the 1948 United States presidential election when it was used by the Dixiecrats, a political party that opposed civil rights for African Americans.[1][2] Further display of the flag was a response to the civil rights movement and the passage of federal civil rights laws in the 1950s and 1960s.[3]

The display of flags associated with the Confederacy is controversial. Supporters associate the Confederate battle flag with pride in Southern heritage, states' rights, and historical commemoration of the Civil War, while opponents associate it with glorification of the Civil War and celebrating the Lost Cause, racism, slavery, segregation, white supremacy, historical negationism, and treason.[4][5][6][7] Incidents such as the Charleston church shooting, the Unite the Right rally, and the murder of George Floyd led to public official display of the flag being mostly retired in the United States, but not abroad.

In 2019, the permit of the South Carolina Secessionist Party was only valid from 6 to 8 AM, as a competing group, South Carolinians for Racial Justice, having requested it earlier than the Secessionists, had reserved the rest of the day specifically so that the flag could not be erected.

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In 2020, competing applications were received simultaneously. The State House Memorial Honor Guard flew the flag from 8 to 11:45 AM; the South Carolina Secessionist Party is defunct.[170]

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In South America[edit]

From 1975 to 1998, a version of the Confederate battle flag appeared in the coat of arms and flag of Americana, São Paulo, a city in Brazil settled by Confederate expatriates.[179]


In June 2022, at the Uruguayan city of Pocitos, an individual put both the Confederate battle flag and the South African Apartheid flag at their apartment's balcony.[180][181] The individual retired both flags amid complaints.[182]

In the first two months after the Charleston shooting, 173 Confederate flag rallies were held.

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Confederate flags were displayed at rallies supporting . A police officer, Michael Peters, resigned after being suspended for flying a Confederate flag from his pickup truck at a "Love Trumps Hate" rally, three days after Trump's presidential win.[264][265] Even though event organizers of rallies "...ask participants only to bring American flags to the rally, with no Confederate flags allowed",[266] they continued to be seen at rallies.[267] On July 6, 2017, a Confederate battle flag was waved to greet President Trump upon his arrival in Poland for a brief visit before the G20 summit in Hamburg.[268] While Trump expressed support for the removal of Confederate flags in 2015,[269] racists, anti-government radicals, and states' rights activist believed that he offered dog-whistling encouragement to them during his 2016 presidential campaign.[262]

Donald Trump

Flaggers (movement)

List of Confederate monuments and memorials

The Proper Way to Hang a Confederate Flag

Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials

Christiansburg High School § Confederate Flag Protest

List of symbols designated by the Anti-Defamation League as hate symbols

Symbols of Francoism

Fascist symbolism

Flag of Norway

Merwin, Daniel K. (2015). "It Belongs in a Museum: The Confederate Flag and the Comic Corrective". Central States Communication Association.

Ladd, Donna (August 6, 2018). . The Guardian.

"Pride and prejudice? The Americans who fly the Confederate flag"

Blakemore, Erin (January 12, 2021). . National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021.

"How the Confederate battle flag became an enduring symbol of racism"