Monarchism in France
Monarchism in France is the advocacy of restoring the monarchy (mostly constitutional monarchy) in France, which was abolished after the 1870 defeat by Prussia, arguably before that in 1848 with the establishment of the French Second Republic. The French monarchist movements are roughly divided today in three groups:
Monarchism continues to exist in France. The historian Julian T. Jackson wrote in 2001 that "Indeed in the Vendée there are still families today who will not receive descendants of people who bought biens nationaux during the Revolution."[2] Falling into one of the three main monarchist streams, some of the active groups in France today are:
Republican constitutional framework[edit]
The only entrenched clause in the Constitution of France, carried on from a 1884 addition to the Constitutional Laws of the Third Republic, prevents any amendment on "the republican form of government" (art. 89 
), therefore a restoration of the monarchy. As this provision is not itself entrenched, a restoration would be possible within the present legal framework in two stages, the first to remove the entrenchment, the second to alter the form of government.[3]
However, a little-known, non-sovereign form of monarchy remains in France, with the three traditional kings of Wallis and Futuna, a small Pacific archipelago organized as three kingdoms, who are granted recognition under article 75 of the Constitution.[4] It became French under colonial status in 1917, from an earlier control as a protectorate, before being incorporated in 1946.
Occasional references to the king or the emperor remain in French law, although they are interpreted as going for the president, who has replaced them under the present constitution. One famous example used to be article 1 of the Civil Code, which provides for the entry into force of laws: until 2004, it had remained as last amended at the start of the Restoration in 1816, with updated mentions in brackets in most editions: “Laws are enforceable throughout the French territory by virtue of the promulgation made thereof by the King (the President of the Republic). They shall be executed in each part of the Kingdom (of the Republic) from the moment when their promulgation can be known.”[5] It was rewritten in 2004.[6]
In addition, a local civil servant of the French government carries the additional responsibility of "viceroy of Pheasant Island", a small, uninhabited island on the border with Spain organized as a condominium of the two countries, six months a year. The French authories have stated that this is in a parallel with Spain, which has a monarch.[7] The president of France is also ex officio co-prince of Andorra, a sovereign Pyrenean microstate; the position was passed on from the last French kings, who held it since Henry IV, who upon his French accession was already co-prince as Count of Foix.[8]