Mortar (weapon)
A mortar is today usually a simple, lightweight, man-portable, muzzle-loaded cannon, consisting of a smooth-bore (although some models use a rifled barrel) metal tube fixed to a base plate (to spread out the recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount and a sight. Mortars are typically used as indirect fire weapons for close fire support with a variety of ammunition. Historically mortars were heavy siege artillery. Mortars launch explosive shells (technically called bombs)[1] in high-arching ballistic trajectories.
The launcher, used from the deck of a ship, used 24 spigot mortars which fired a diamond pattern of anti-submarine projectiles into the sea ahead of the ship. A sinking projectile detonated if it struck a submarine, and the pattern was such that any submarine partly in the landing zone of the projectiles would be struck one or more times.
Hedgehog
Roaring Meg on display at Goodrich Castle
World War II US Army movie footage of the 914 mm "Little David" mortar
From the 17th to the mid-20th century, very heavy, relatively immobile siege mortars were used, of up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) calibre, often made of cast iron and with an outside barrel diameter many times that of the bore diameter. An early example was Roaring Meg, with a 15.5 in (390 mm) barrel diameter and firing a 220 lb (100 kg) hollow ball filled with gunpowder and used during the English Civil War in 1646.
The largest mortars ever developed were the Belgian "Monster Mortar" (24 in (610 mm)) developed by Henri-Joseph Paixhans in 1832, Mallet's Mortar (36 in (910 mm)) developed by Robert Mallet in 1857, and the "Little David" ((36 in (910 mm)) developed in the United States for use in World War II. Although the latter two had a calibre of 36 in (910 mm), only the "Monster Mortar" was used in combat (at the Battle of Antwerp in 1832).[34] The World War II German Karl-Gerät was a 60 cm (24 in) mortar and the largest to see combat in modern warfare.
used in mortars before the modern age
Carcass (projectile)
Chemical mortar battalion
a lightweight mortar, sometimes improvised
Coehorn
, a mortar used to test the strength of gunpowder
Eprouvette
List of heavy mortars
List of infantry mortars
Livens Projector
A Guide to Modern Mortar Systems
(PDF). Department of the Army. December 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
"Field Manual 3-22.90 – Mortars"
(PDF). Department of the Army. 17 July 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
"Field Manual 3-22.91 – Mortar Fire Direction Procedures"
(PDF). Department of the Army. 1 March 2000. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
"Field Manual 23-91 – Mortar Gunnery"
Mallet's Mortar, the largest British mortar ever made
Defense Update: Modern mobile 120 mm mortars
Defense Update: Advanced mortar munitions
How does a mortar work? – video
Mortars during World War I
(streaming wmv)