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Mountain warfare

Mountain warfare or alpine warfare is warfare in mountains or similarly rough terrain. The term encompasses military operations affected by the terrain, hazards, and factors of combat and movement through rough terrain, as well as the strategies and tactics used by military forces in these situations and environments.

Mountain ranges are of strategic importance since they often act as a natural border and may also be the origin of a water source such as the Golan Heights. Attacking a prepared enemy position in mountain terrain generally requires a greater ratio of attacking soldiers to defending soldiers than a war conducted on level ground. Mountains present natural hazards such as lightning, strong gusts of wind, rockfalls, avalanches, snowpacks, ice, extreme cold, and glaciers with their crevasses; in these ways, it can be similar to cold-weather warfare. The generally uneven terrain and the slow pace of troop and material movements are additional threats to combatants. Movement, reinforcements, and medical evacuation up and down steep slopes and areas in which even pack animals cannot reach involves an enormous exertion of energy.[1]

List of mountain warfare forces

Cold-weather warfare

(January 27, 1857) "Mountain Warfare in the Past and Present" New York Daily Tribune MECW Volume 15, p 164

Frederick Engels

Govan, Thomas P. (1946-09-01). . AGF Study, no. 23. [Washington, D.C.]: Historical Section, Army Ground Forces. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved 2011-01-28.

Training for mountain and winter warfare

Malik, Muhammad Asim (2004-09-10). (PDF). Military Review. 84 (5): 94–102. ISSN 0026-4148. OCLC 2558412. Retrieved 2011-01-28.

"Mountain warfare: the need for specialized training"

Pierce, Scott W. (2008-05-22). . SAMS Monograph. Fort Leavenworth, Kans.: School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved 2011-01-28.

Mountain and cold weather warfighting: critical capability for the 21st century

Official page of documentary film GLOBAL WARNING on the Mountain War 1915–1918

Global Warning

Mountain War in World War I

The war in the Italian Dolomites (Italian)

Historic films showing Mountain Warfare in World War I at

europeanfilmgateway.eu

Mountain Combat World War II

Militaria: Combat Lessons

High Altitude Warfare School of the Indian Army

[1]

Official Italian Army website page on Alpine Troops Command

[2]

Official page of 11th Mountain Infantry Battalion (Brazil)

[3]