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Naqada III

Naqada III is the last phase of the Naqada culture of ancient Egyptian prehistory, dating from approximately 3200 to 3000 BC.[2] It is the period during which the process of state formation, which began in Naqada II, became highly visible, with named kings heading powerful polities. Naqada III is often referred to as Dynasty 0 or the Protodynastic Period[2] to reflect the presence of kings at the head of influential states, although, in fact, the kings involved would not have been a part of a dynasty. In this period, those kings' names were inscribed in the form of serekhs on a variety of surfaces including pottery and tombs.

For other uses, see Naqada (disambiguation).

Geographical range

Egypt

Early Bronze I

c. 3,300 BC – 2,900 BC[1]

Naqada, Tarkhan, Nekhen

Naqada II

Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)

The first

hieroglyphs

The first graphical narratives on

palettes

The first regular use of

serekhs

Possibly the first example of

irrigation

Baboon Divinity bearing name of Pharaoh Narmer on base

Baboon Divinity bearing name of Pharaoh Narmer on base

The Scorpion Macehead, Ashmolean Museum.

The Scorpion Macehead, Ashmolean Museum.

Protodynastic sceptre fragment with royal couple. Staatliche Sammlung für Ägyptische Kunst, Munich

Protodynastic sceptre fragment with royal couple. Staatliche Sammlung für Ägyptische Kunst, Munich

Hair Comb Decorated with Rows of Wild Animals 3200–3100 BCE, Naqada III

Hair Comb Decorated with Rows of Wild Animals 3200–3100 BCE, Naqada III

Naqada III vessel

Naqada III vessel

Typical Naqada III cylindrical jar

Typical Naqada III cylindrical jar

Badarian culture

Early Dynastic Egypt

First Dynasty of Egypt

List of Pharaohs

Naqada culture

Scorpion II

Scorpion Macehead

Anđelković, Branislav (2002). "Southern Canaan as an Egyptian Protodynastic Colony". Cahiers Caribéens d'Égyptologie. 3/4 (Dix ans de hiéroglyphes au campus): 75–92.

Bard, Katherine A. (2000). . In Shaw, Ian (ed.). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 61–88. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.

"The Emergence of the Egyptian State"

Midant-Reynes, Béatrix (2000). The Prehistory of Egypt: From the First Egyptians to the First Pharaohs. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell.  0-631-20169-6.

ISBN

Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). . Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.

The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt

Wilkinson, Toby Alexander Howard (2001). Early Dynastic Egypt (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.  0-415-18633-1.

ISBN

Wright, Mary (1985). "Contacts Between Egypt and Syro-Palestine During the Protodynastic Period". . 48 (4): 240–53. doi:10.2307/3209960. JSTOR 3209960. S2CID 165458408.

Biblical Archaeologist

Naqada III: Dynasty 0

"Unification Theories", , UK: UCL.

Naqadan in Egypt