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National health insurance

National health insurance (NHI), sometimes called statutory health insurance (SHI), is a system of health insurance that insures a national population against the costs of health care. It may be administered by the public sector, the private sector, or a combination of both. Funding mechanisms vary with the particular program and country. National or statutory health insurance does not equate to government-run or government-financed health care, but is usually established by national legislation. In some countries, such as Australia's Medicare system, the UK's National Health Service and South Korea's National Health Insurance Service, contributions to the system are made via general taxation and therefore are not optional even though use of the health system it finances is. In practice, most people paying for NHI will join it. Where an NHI involves a choice of multiple insurance funds, the rates of contributions may vary and the person has to choose which insurance fund to belong to.

History[edit]

Germany has the world's oldest national social health insurance system,[1] with origins dating back to Otto von Bismarck's Sickness Insurance Law of 1883.[2][3] In Britain, the National Insurance Act 1911 included national social health insurance for primary care (not specialist or hospital care), initially for about one-third of the population—employed working class wage earners, but not their dependents.[4] This system of health insurance continued in force until the creation of the National Health Service in 1948 which created a universal service, funded out of general taxation rather than on an insurance basis, and providing health services to all legal residents.

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– Maldives

Aasandha

Health care in Argentina

– Medicare (Australia)

Health care in Australia

– Sickness and Invalidity Insurance

Healthcare in Belgium

Health care in Canada

– Law 100 – National Health Insurance Scheme: Contributory Vs. Subsidized coverage (NHIS)

Health care in Colombia

Health care in France

Healthcare in Germany

– National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS)

Health care in Ghana

Health care in Israel

– National Health Service (SSN)

Health care in Italy

- Employees' State Insurance, Ayushman Bharat Yojana, others are provided insurance through their employer.

Healthcare in India

– People without insurance through employers can participate in a national health insurance program administered by local governments.

Health care in Japan

– National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS)

Healthcare in Nigeria

Health care in the Netherlands

– Social Health Insurance Program, a resource pooling, risk sharing health care program that provides quality health care financing not only to the employed but to the sick, elderly, and indigents, as well

Healthcare in the Philippines

Health care in Poland

Healthcare in South Korea

– A compulsory health insurance covers a range of treatments which are set out in detail in the Federal Act.

Healthcare in Switzerland

– National Health Insurance (NHI)

Healthcare in Taiwan

– National Insurance

Health care in the United Kingdom

Health care compared

Health care politics

Publicly funded health care

Single-payer health care

Universal health care

Nicholas Laham: Why the United States lacks a national health insurance program, Westport, Conn. [u.a.] : Greenwood Press, 1993

Barona, B., Plaza, B., and Hearst, N. (2001) Managed Competition for the poor or poorly managed: Lessons from the Colombian health reform experience. Oxford University Press

[1]

Ronald L. Numbers (ed.): Compulsory Health Insurance: The Continuing American Debate, Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press, 1982.

Saltman, R.B., Busse, R. and Figueras, J. (2004) Social health insurance systems in western Europe, Berkshire/New York: Open University Press/McGraw-Hill.  0-335-21363-4

ISBN

Saltman, R.B. and Dubois, H.F.W. (2004) Individual incentive schemes in social health insurance systems, 10(2): 21-25.

Full text

Van de Ven, W.P.M.M., Beck, K., Buchner, F. et al. (2003) Risk adjustment and risk selection on the sickness fund market in five European countries, Health Policy, 65(1=: 75-98.

Saltman, R.B. and Dubois, H.F.W. (2005) Current reform proposals in social health insurance countries, Eurohealth, 11(1): 10-14.

Full text

. An advocacy group that supports a public health insurance option for universal health care.

Health Care for America NOW!

Barack Obama Website

Health Care Issues & Resources

Family Doctor Magazine Website

Health Debate Pros and Cons

Percentage of population covered under national health programs , selected countries , 1955 and 1970

Contains information on health coverage in various countries in the 1980s

Contains information on healthcare access in various European countries

Contains information on healthcare coverage in various European countries

Includes information about he healthcare systems of various countries in the 1970s

Countries with social security programs in operation, January 1, 1955, by type of program and date of legislation

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