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Nativism (politics)

Nativism is the political policy of promoting or protecting the interests of native-born or indigenous inhabitants over those of immigrants,[1][2] including the support of anti-immigration and immigration-restriction measures.[3] In the United States, nativism does not refer to a movement led by Native Americans, also referred to as American Indians.[4]

Not to be confused with Native nationalism or Native American civil rights.

Definition[edit]

According to Cas Mudde, a University of Georgia professor, nativism is a largely American notion that is rarely debated in Western Europe; the word originated with mid-nineteenth-century political parties in the United States, most notably the Know Nothing party, which saw Catholic immigration from nations such as Germany and Ireland as a serious threat to native-born Protestant Americans.[5]

Government expense

Crime

Overpopulation

According to Joel S. Fetzer, opposition to immigration commonly arises in many countries because of issues of national, cultural, and religious identity. The phenomenon has especially been studied in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as in continental Europe. Thus, nativism has become a general term for opposition to immigration which is based on fears that immigrants will "distort or spoil" existing cultural values.[6] In situations where immigrants greatly outnumber the original inhabitants,[7] nativists seek to prevent cultural change.


Beliefs that contribute to anti-immigration sentiment include:[8]


Hans-Georg Betz examines three facets of nativism: economic, welfare, and symbolic. Economic nativism preaches that good jobs ought to be reserved for native citizens. Welfare nativism insists that native citizens should have absolute priority in access to governmental benefits. Symbolic nativism calls on the society and government to defend and promote the nation's cultural heritage. Betz argues that economic and welfare themes were historically dominant, but that since the 1990s symbolic nativism has become the focus of radical right-wing populist mobilization.[11][12]

Betz, Hans-Georg. " Facets of nativism: a heuristic exploration" Patterns of Prejudice (2019) 53#2 pp 111–135.

Groenfeldt, D. "The future of indigenous values: cultural relativism in the face of economic development", Futures, 35#9 (2003), pp. 917–29

Jensen, Richard. "Comparative Nativism: The United States, Canada and Australia, 1880s–1910s," Canadian Journal for Social Research (2010) vol 3#1 pp. 45–55

McNally, Mark. Proving the way: conflict and practice in the history of Japanese nativism (2005)

Mamdani, M. When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism and the Genocide in Rwanda (2001)

Minkenberg, Michael. "The Radical Right and Anti-Immigrant Politics in Liberal Democracies since World War II: Evolution of a Political and Research Field." Polity 53.3 (2021): 394–417. doi.org/10.1086/714167

Mudde, Cas. The relationship between immigration and nativism in Europe and North America (Washington press, 2012) .

online

Yakushko, Oksana. Modern-Day Xenophobia: Critical Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on the Roots of Anti-Immigrant Prejudice (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018)

Henry A. Rhodes, "Nativist and Racist Movements in the U.S. and their Aftermath"

Dennis Kearney, President, and H. L. Knight, Secretary, "Appeal from California. The Chinese Invasion. Workingmen’s Address," Indianapolis Times, 28 February 1878.

by Patrick J. Buchanan, op-ed, 4 October 2006. A conservative defense of nativism.

"A Nation or Notion"

Videos of 2008 US Presidential Election Candidates' Positions regarding Immigration

PoliticosLatinos.com

. False Diversity in Anti-Immigration organizations.

"Anti-Immigration Groups and the Masks of False Diversity"

Conservative Heritage Times.

A Defense of Nativism