Known RASopathies include the following:[1][2]
Somatic mutations in the Ras/MAPK pathway can cause cancers and disorders such as RAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disorder (RALD) or juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). These syndromes may share some features with RASopathies but are not considered true RASopathies if caused by somatic mutation.[3] Generally, RASopathies increase the risk of developing cancers.[1][4] Neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and anxiety occur at higher rates in individuals with RASopathies.[5][6]