Nondelegation doctrine

The doctrine of nondelegation (or non-delegation principle) is the theory that one branch of government must not authorize another entity to exercise the power or function which it is constitutionally authorized to exercise itself. It is explicit or implicit in all written constitutions that impose a strict structural separation of powers. It is usually applied in questions of constitutionally improper delegations of powers of any of the three branches of government to either of the other, to the administrative state, or to private entities. Although it is usually constitutional for executive officials to delegate executive powers to executive branch subordinates, there can also be improper delegations of powers within an executive branch.

In the United Kingdom, the non-delegation principle refers to the prima facie presumption that statutory powers granted to public bodies by Parliament can not be delegated to other people or bodies.^[1]

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Australia[edit]

Australian federalism does not permit the federal Parliament or government to delegate its powers to state or territorial parliaments or governments, nor territorial parliaments or governments to delegate their powers to the federal Parliament or government, but does permit a state parliaments delegate its powers to the federal parliament by means of section 51 subsection (xxxvii) of the Constitution Act 1901.

Canada[edit]

Canadian federalism does not permit Parliament or the provincial legislatures to delegate their powers to each other. See: Attorney General of Nova Scotia v. Attorney General of Canada, [1951] S.C.R. 31^[2]

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, 11 U.S. (7 Cranch) 382 (1813)

Cargo of the Brig Aurora v. United States

, 23 U.S. (10 Wheat.) 1 (1825)

Wayman v. Southard

, 143 U.S. 649 (1892)

Field v. Clark

, 192 U.S. 470 (1904)

Buttfield v. Stranahan

, 220 U.S. 506 (1911)

United States v. Grimaud

, 264 U.S. 32 (1924)

Mahler v. Eby

, 276 U.S. 394 (1926)

J. W. Hampton, Jr. & Co. v. United States

, 287 U.S. 12 (1932)

New York Central Securities Corp. v. United States

, 293 U.S. 388 (1935)

Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan

, 295 U.S. 495 (1935)

A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States

, 298 U.S. 238 (1936)

Carter v. Carter Coal Co.

, 299 U.S. 304 (1936)

United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.

, 306 U.S. 1 (1939)

Currin v. Wallace

, 310 U.S. 381 (1940)

Sunshine Anthracite Coal Co. v. Adkins

, 312 U.S. 126 (1941)

OPP Cotton Mills, Inc. v. Administrator of Wage and Hour Div., Dept. of Labor

, 319 U.S. 190 (1943)

National Broadcasting Co. v. United States

, 321 U.S. 414 (1944)

Yakus v. United States

, 334 U.S. 742 (1948)

Lichter v. United States

, 338 U.S. 537 (1950)

U.S. ex rel. Knauff v. Shaughnessy

, 415 U.S. 336 (1974)

National Cable Television Assn. v. United States

, 415 U.S. 345 (1974)

FPC v. New England Power Co.

, 426 U.S. 548 (1976)

Federal Energy Administration v. Algonquin SNG, Inc.

, 442 U.S. 114 (1979)

United States v. Batchelder

, 448 U.S. 607 (1980)

Industrial Union Department v. American Petroleum Institute

, 452 U.S. 490 (1981)

American Textile Mfrs. Inst., Inc. v. Donovan

, 488 U.S. 361 (1989)

Mistretta v. United States

, 490 U.S. 212 (1989)

Skinner v. Mid-America Pipeline Co.

, 500 U.S. 160 (1991)

Touby v. United States

, 501 U.S. 252 (1991)

Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority v. Citizens for Abatement of Aircraft Noise, Inc.

, 517 U.S. 748 (1996)

Loving v. United States

, 524 U.S. 417 (1998)

Clinton v. City of New York

, 531 U.S. 457 (2001)

Whitman v. American Trucking Ass'ns, Inc.

, No. 13-1080, 575 U.S. ___ (2015)

Department of Transportation v. Association of American Railroads

, No. 16-149, 581 U.S. ___ (2017)

Coventry Health Care of Mo., Inc. v. Nevils

, No. 17-6086, 588 U.S. ___ (2019)

Gundy v. United States

, No. 17-8830, 589 U.S. ___ (2019)

Paul v. United States

, No. 21-376, 599 U.S. ___ (2023)

Haaland v. Brackeen

, No. 22-859, 601 U.S. ___ (2024)

SEC v. Jarkesy

Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc.

Amalgamated Meat Cutters v. Connally

Chevron deference

(1983)

INS v. Chadha

"The Role of Congress in Monitoring Administrative Rulemaking" − Testimony of Jerry Taylor, Cato Institute, before the Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law, Committee on the Judiciary, September 12, 1996.

[1]

"The Delegation Doctrine", Madelon Lief, Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, January 2004, Vol. IV, No. 1.

[2]

"The Recent Controversy Over the Non Delegation Doctrine", , 2001. [3]

Jeffrey Clark

"Hot Oil and Hot Air: The Development of the Nondelegation Doctrine through the New Deal, a History 1813-1944," Andrew J. Ziaja, 35 Hastings Const. L.Q. 921 (2008).

[4]

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