OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine
The OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine was an international civilian observer mission of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) mandated to contribute to reducing tensions and to help foster peace in Ukraine. The mission was deployed in March 2014, following the Russian annexation of Crimea and the outbreak of open conflict in eastern Ukraine.[1][2] The mission ended on 31 March 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Formation
Monitoring restrictions[edit]
OSCE monitoring frequently faces access restrictions and signal jamming of the monitoring UAVs. In 2021 OSCE reported that 62.5% long-range UAV flights "encountered GPS signal interference" with jamming so strong, it occasionally prevented UAV from even taking off.[32] OSCE has on numerous occasions reported presence of Russian electronic warfare equipment in the separatist-controlled areas[33][34][35] including specifically anti-UAV Repellent-1 systems.[36] On 30 April 2021 OSCE further reported two members of armed formations approaching the monitor team as it prepared to launch an UAV and threatening it will be shot down if launched.[37]