Katana VentraIP

Paris Opera

The Paris Opera (French: Opéra de Paris, IPA: [opeʁa də paʁi] ) is the primary opera and ballet company of France. It was founded in 1669 by Louis XIV as the Académie d'Opéra, and shortly thereafter was placed under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Lully and officially renamed the Académie Royale de Musique, but continued to be known more simply as the Opéra. Classical ballet as it is known today arose within the Paris Opera as the Paris Opera Ballet and has remained an integral and important part of the company. Currently called the Opéra national de Paris, it mainly produces operas at its modern 2,723-seat theatre Opéra Bastille which opened in 1989, and ballets and some classical operas at the older 1,979-seat Palais Garnier which opened in 1875. Small scale and contemporary works are also staged in the 500-seat Amphitheatre under the Opéra Bastille.

"Opéra national de Paris" redirects here. For the company founded in 1847 by Adolphe Adam, see Opéra-National. For another opera company residing in Paris, see Opéra-Comique.

Type

Opera and ballet company

operadeparis.fr

The company's annual budget is in the order of 200 million euros, of which €100M come from the French state and €70M from box office receipts.[1] With this money, the company runs the two houses and supports a large permanent staff, which includes the orchestra of 170, a chorus of 110 and the corps de ballet of 150.[2]


Each year, the Paris Opera presents about 380 performances of opera, ballet and other concerts, to a total audience of about 800,000 people (of whom 17% come from abroad), with an average seat occupancy rate of 94%.[2] In the 2012–2013 season, the Paris Opera presented 18 opera titles (two in a double bill), 13 ballets, 5 symphonic concerts and two vocal recitals, plus 15 other programmes. The company's training bodies are also active, with 7 concerts from the Atelier Lyrique and 4 programmes from the École de Danse.[3]

The Palais Garnier at night

The Palais Garnier at night

The Grand Foyer at the Palais Garnier

The Grand Foyer at the Palais Garnier

The Opéra Bastille inside

The Opéra Bastille inside

Opéra de Paris

Comédie-Française

Comédie-Italienne

Opéra-Comique

In the period from 1725 to 1791 there were essentially four public theatres which were permitted in Paris:[39]


In 1762, the Opéra-Comique merged with the Comédie-Italienne.


In 1791, the laws were changed allowing almost anyone to open a public theatre. This led to rapid growth in the number of theatres and companies and complexities in their naming. Theatres might burn down and be rebuilt using the name of an old or new company or patron. Some of the new theatres that appeared during this period include:[57]


After about 1870, the situation was simpler with regard to opera, with primarily the Opéra and the Opéra-Comique in operation. The naming situation became somewhat confusing after the Opéra-Comique's theater (the second Salle Favart) burned on 25 May 1887, since the company began performing in other locations. Companies other than the Opéra producing operas or operettas at various theatres in this period included:[58]

List of theatres and entertainment venues in Paris

Opéra (Paris Métro)

Category:Opera world premieres at the Paris Opera

The Phantom of the Opera

Astier, Régine (1998a). "Académie Royale de Danse" in Cohen 1998, vol. 1, pp. 3–5.

Astier, Régine (1998b). "Beauchamps, Pierre" in Cohen 1998, vol. 1, pp. 396–397.

Charlton, David, editor (2003). . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-64118-0

The Cambridge Companion to Grand Opera

Charlton, David (2014). "New Light on the Bouffons in Paris (1752–1754)", Eighteenth-Century Music, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 31–54.

Christout, Marie-Françoise (1998). "Paris Opera Ballet" in Cohen 1998, vol. 5, pp. 86–100.

Cohen, Selma Jeanne, editor (1998). International Encyclopedia of Dance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  978-0-19-509462-6 (hardcover). ISBN 978-0-19-517369-7 (2004 paperback edition).

ISBN

Costonis, Maureen Needham (1992). "Beauchamps [Beauchamp] Pierre" in Sadie (1992) 1: 364.

Craine, Debra; Mackrell, Judith (2000). The Oxford Dictionary of Dance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  978-0-19-860106-7.

ISBN

Fauser, Annegret, editor; Everist, Mark, editor (2009). Music, Theater, and Cultural Transfer. Paris, 1830–1914. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.  978-0-226-23926-2.

ISBN

Fontaine, Gerard (2003). Visages de marbre et d'airain: La collection de bustes du Palais Garnier. Paris: Monum, Éditions du patrimoine.  978-2-85822-751-8.

ISBN

Fulcher, Jane (1987). The Nation's Image: French Grand Opera as Politics and Politicized Art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  9780521327749.

ISBN

Gerhard, Anselm (1998). The Urbanization of Opera: Music theatre in Paris in the Nineteenth Century, translated from French to English by Mary Whittall. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.  978-0-226-28857-4.

ISBN

Gourret, Jean (1985). Histoire des Salles de l'Opéra de Paris. Paris: Guy Trédaniel.  978-2-85707-180-8.

ISBN

Guest, Ivor (2008). The Romantic Ballet in Paris. Alton, Hampshire, UK: Dance Books.  978-1-85273-119-9.

ISBN

Johnson, Victoria (2008). Backstage at the Revolution: How the Royal Paris Opera Survived the End of the Old Regime. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.  978-0-226-40195-9.

ISBN

Levin, Alicia (2009). "A documentary overview of musical theaters in Paris, 1830–1900" in Fauser 2009, pp. 379–402.

Pitou, Spire (1983). The Paris Opéra: An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers. Genesis and Glory, 1671–1715. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.  9780313214202.

ISBN

Pitou, Spire (1985). The Paris Opera: An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers. Rococo and Romantic, 1715–1815. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.  9780313243943.

ISBN

Pitou, Spire (1990). The Paris Opéra: An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers. Growth and Grandeur, 1815–1914. New York: Greenwood Press.  9780313262180.

ISBN

Powell, John S. (2000). Music and Theatre in France 1600–1680. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  978-0-19-816599-6.

ISBN

editor (1992). The New Grove Dictionary of Opera (4 volumes). London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-56159-228-9.

Sadie, Stanley

Sadie, Stanley, editor; John Tyrell; executive editor (2001). , 2nd edition. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5 (hardcover). OCLC 419285866 (eBook).

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians

Walton, William (1899). Paris from the Earliest Period to the Present Day, vol. 3. Philadelphia: George Barrie & Son. at Google Books.

View

Wild, Nicole (1989). Dictionnaire des théâtres parisiens au XIXe siècle: les théâtres et la musique. Paris: Aux Amateurs de livres.  978-0-8288-2586-3. ISBN 978-2-905053-80-0 (paperback). View formats and editions at WorldCat.

ISBN

Wolff, Stéphane (1962). L'Opéra au Palais Garnier (1875–1962). Paris: Deposé au journal L'Entr'acte  7068320, 460748195. Paris: Slatkine (1983 reprint) ISBN 978-2-05-000214-2.

OCLC

Official website