Operating theater

An operating theater (also known as an Operating Room (OR), operating suite, operation suite, or Operation Theatre (OT)) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in an aseptic environment.

Historically, the term "operating theater" referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater in which students and other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery. Contemporary operating rooms are usually devoid of a theater setting, making the term "operating theater" a misnomer in those cases.

The operating table in the center of the room can be raised, lowered, and tilted in any direction.

[2]

The operating room lights are over the table to provide bright light, without shadows, during surgery.

[2]

The is at the head of the operating table. This machine has tubes that connect to the patient to assist them in breathing during surgery, and built-in monitors that help control the mixture of gases in the breathing circuit.^[2]

anesthesia machine

The anesthesia cart is next to the anesthesia machine. It contains the medications, equipment, and other supplies that the anesthesiologist may need.

[2]

Sterile instruments to be used during surgery are arranged on a stainless steel table.

[2]

An electronic monitor (which records the heart rate and respiratory rate by adhesive patches that are placed on the patient's chest).

[2]

The pulse oximeter machine attaches to the patient's finger with an elastic band aid. It measures the amount of oxygen contained in the blood.

[2]

Automated blood pressure measuring machine that automatically inflates the blood pressure cuff on a patient's arm.

[2]

An electrocautery machine uses high frequency electrical signals to cauterize or seal off blood vessels and may also be used to cut through tissue with a minimal amount of bleeding.

[2]

If surgery requires, a or other specialized equipment may be brought into the room.^[2]

heart-lung machine

Supplementary portable air decontaminating equipment is sometimes placed in the OR. ^[4]

[3]

Advances in technology now support hybrid operating rooms, which integrate diagnostic imaging systems such as and cardiac catheterization into the operating room to assist surgeons in specialized neurological and cardiac procedures.^[2]

MRI

A protective cap covering their hair

Masks over their lower face, covering their mouths and noses with minimal gaps to prevent inhalation of plume or airborne microbes

Shades or glasses over their eyes, including specialized colored glasses for use with different lasers. a fiber-optic headlight may be attached for greater visibility

Sterile gloves; usually latex-free due to latex sensitivity which affects some health care workers and patients

Long gowns, with the bottom of the gown no closer than six inches to the ground.

Protective covers on their shoes

[5]

If x-rays are expected to be used, lead aprons/neck covers are used to prevent overexposure to radiation

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People in the operating room wear PPE (personal protective equipment) to help prevent bacteria from infecting the surgical incision. This PPE includes the following:

The surgeon may also wear special glasses that help him/her to see more clearly. The circulating nurse and anesthesiologist will not wear a gown in the OR because they are not a part of the sterile team. They must keep a distance of 12-16 inches from any sterile object, person, or field.

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Anatomical theater

Hybrid operating room

Video of a newly-built orthopaedic operating theater in the United Kingdom

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