Optimism

Optimism is an attitude reflecting a belief or hope that the outcome of some specific endeavor, or outcomes in general, will be positive, favorable, and desirable. A common idiom used to illustrate optimism versus pessimism is a glass filled with water to the halfway point: an optimist is said to see the glass as half full, while a pessimist sees the glass as half empty.

Not to be confused with Idealism.

The term derives from the Latin optimum, meaning "best". To be optimistic, in the typical sense of the word, is to expect the best possible outcome from any given situation.^[1] This is usually referred to in psychology as dispositional optimism. It reflects a belief that future conditions will work out for the best.^[2] As a trait, it fosters resilience in the face of stress.^[3]

Theories of optimism include dispositional models and models of explanatory style. Methods to measure optimism have been developed within both of these theoretical approaches, such as various forms of the Life Orientation Test for the original dispositional definition of optimism and the Attributional Style Questionnaire designed to test optimism in terms of explanatory style.

Variation in optimism between people is somewhat heritable^[4] and reflects biological trait systems to some degree.^[5] A person's optimism is also influenced by environmental factors, including family environment,^[4] and may be learnable.^[6] Optimism may also be related to health.^[7]

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– Practice of positive thinking and self-empowerment

Affirmations (New Age)

Agathism

Explanatory style

– Relatively long lasting emotional, internal and subjective state

Mood (psychology)

Moral idealism

– 19th-century American spiritual movement

New Thought

– Type of cognitive bias

Optimism bias

– Negative mental attitude

Pessimism

– Study of general and fundamental questions

Philosophy

– Philosophical theory

Philosophy of happiness

– The importance of positive thinking as a contributing factor of success

Positive mental attitude

– Approach of psychological scientific study

Positive psychology

– Phenomenon akin to the opposite of paranoia

Pronoia (psychology)

– Psychology concept

Self-efficacy

– English metaphor for optimism

Silver lining (idiom)

– Construct in psychology

Toxic positivity

(2010). Bright-Sided: How Positive Thinking Is Undermining America. Picador. p. 256. ISBN 9780312658854. Retrieved 2013-07-29.

Ehrenreich, Barbara

Huesemann, Michael H.; Huesemann, Joyce A. (2011). " and Belief in Progress". Technofix: Why Technology Won't Save Us or the Environment. Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada: New Society Publishers. ISBN 978-0865717046.

Technological Optimism

Seligman, M.E.P. (2006). Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life. Vintage. 1400078393.

ISBN

Sharot, Tali (2012). . Vintage. ISBN 9780307473516.