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Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative

The Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) is an economic research centre within the Oxford Department of International Development at the University of Oxford, England, that was established in 2007.[1]

Abbreviation

OPHI

1 May 2007 (2007-05-01)

Initiative

Human development economic research centre

Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative

OPHI's advisory committee: Sudhir Anand, Tony Atkinson Amartya Sen and Frances Stewart

History[edit]

The centre was established in 2007.[2] In 2010, OPHI developed the Multidimensional Poverty Index for the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report.[3] Since then OPHI has published a Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) annually. OPHI also serves as the Secretariat of the Multidimensional Poverty Peer Network (MPPN), a South-South initiative that supports policymakers to develop multidimensional poverty measures. It promotes the use of such measures for more effective poverty eradication efforts at the global, national and local levels.

Broadening poverty measurement. OPHI develops and implements multi-dimensional measures of poverty, wellbeing and inequality. These measures go beyond traditional one-dimensional approaches to incorporate dimensions such as health, education, living standards, quality of work and more innovative dimensions.

Improving data on poverty. OPHI has developed tools to measure five missing dimensions of poverty data that poor people value but which have been largely overlooked in international studies of poverty to date: Quality of Work, Empowerment, Physical Safety, The Ability to go About Without Shame and Psychological Wellbeing.

Building capacity. OPHI runs academic courses and technical training programmes on multidimensional poverty and human development, and collaborates with universities, development agencies, governments and other research institutions and policy makers using our work.

Impacting policy. OPHI's methodologies have been adopted by policy makers, including national governments and the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report.

OPHI aims to build and advance a more systematic methodological and economic framework for reducing multidimensional poverty, grounded in people's experiences and values. OPHI works towards this by:[4]


OPHI's work is grounded in Amartya Sen's capability approach.[5] OPHI works to implement this approach by creating real tools that inform policies to reduce poverty. OPHI's team members are involved in a wide range of activities and collaborations around the world, including survey design and testing, quantitative and qualitative data collection, training and mentoring, and advising policy makers.


As per OPHI, if a person is deprived in at least one third of the weighted Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) indicators, globally, they are considered multidimensionally poor.[6]

Quality of work

Empowerment

Physical safety

Social connectedness

Psychological wellbeing

Poverty measures. The Alkire Foster method can be used to create national, regional or international measures of poverty or wellbeing by incorporating dimensions and indicators that are tailored to the specific context.

Targeting of services or conditional cash transfers. The Alkire Foster method can be used to target people who meet multiple criteria.

Monitoring and evaluation. The Alkire Foster method can be used to monitor the effectiveness of programmes over time.

Gross National Happiness

Gross National Well-being

Social Progress Imperative

Better Life Index

Bhutan GNH Index

Human Development Index

Genuine Progress Index

Happiness economics

Official website

OPHI and research briefs

working paper series