Panzer Lehr Division
The Panzer-Lehr-Division (tank teaching division) was an elite German armoured division during World War II. It was formed in 1943 onwards from training and demonstration troops (Lehr = "teach") stationed in Germany, to provide additional armored strength for the anticipated Allied invasion of western Europe.[7] On 4 April 1944, the division was officially designated as the 130th Panzer Division; however, it is usually referred to as the Lehr Division.[8] It was the only Wehrmacht Panzer division to be fully equipped with tanks and with halftracks to transport its mechanized infantry. On several occasions it fought almost to destruction, in particular during Operation Cobra,[9] and by the end of the war in Europe bore little resemblance to the unit that had originally been activated.
Panzer-Lehr-Division
30 December 1943 – 15 April 1945
Parade Division[4]
History[edit]
Formation[edit]
Panzer Lehr began forming on 30 December 1943[10] and moved to the Nancy–Verdun area in January 1944 to complete the process.[11] It was formed from several elite training and demonstration units.[12] Most of the division's original cadre was drawn from Panzertruppenschule I and Panzertruppenschule II, the Panzerwaffe's major training units.[11] These training and demonstration units were some of the most experienced and highly trained troops in the Panzerwaffe, with almost all having seen combat in the East, North Africa, Sicily or Italy and many having received decorations for bravery.[7] As a result of this, Panzer Lehr was considered an elite unit from the time of its formation.[13]
In early 1944, Panzer Lehr division was to be prepared for training to take place in Southern France.[14] Orders received on 6 March 1944 made it clear that the unit was to first be transported to the Vienna area.[14] On 19 March 1944, Panzer Lehr division took part in the German occupation of Hungary codenamed Operation Margarethe, as well to continue its training.[11][15][14] The division absorbed the 901st Panzergrenadier-Lehr-Regiment while there. The division left Hungary on 1 May, and returned to France on 15 May 1944 to await the Allied invasion as a part of the OKW's armored reserve, along with the I SS Panzer Corps and the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Gotz von Berlichingen.[16] These units could be released only with Adolf Hitler's personal authorization.[17]
Panzer Lehr's panzer regiment had a battalion each of Panther and Panzer IV available.[11] Moreover, all the battalions in both panzergrenadier regiments were transported by tracked, armored vehicles, such as the Sd.Kfz. 251 halftrack.[18][1] This is in contrast to ordinary Wehrmacht panzer divisions, where only the first battalion in the first panzergrenadier regiment was equipped with halftracks, with the remaining battalions equipped with trucks. The division's engineer and reconnaissance formations were also equipped with armored vehicles,[18] the armored reconnaissance battalion having a company of the new Sd.Kfz 234/2 Puma armored cars.[19] The division's panzer regiment also had the 316. Funklenk-Panzerkompanie (abbreviated 1./s.Pz. Kp. 'Funklenk' 316) ("316th Remote Control Panzer company")[note 1] attached while in Normandy; this company was originally equipped with ten Tiger I tanks, and was allocated the first five of the new Tiger II tanks that were not used in Normandy, as they broke down en route[20] and been replaced by 9 Sturmgeschütz self-propelled guns, which fought at Tilly and St. Lo until destroyed, at which point the 316th Company was disbanded.[21][22] The division's panzer regiment had a total complement of 208 operating tanks and assault guns (10 Panzer III, 9 StuG III, 97 Panzer IV, 86 Panthers and 6 Tigers) as of 6 June 1944 plus nine tanks and assault guns under repair (1 Panzer III, 1 StuG III, 2 Panzer IV, 3 Panthers and 2 Tigers).[23] It also had 31 Jagdpanzer IV in its Panzerjäger battalion.[23] Another unique feature of this formation was that its panzergrenadiers were, in large part, dressed in the double-breasted Sturmgeschütz jacket, instead of the standard field blouse worn by other German Army (Heer) units.[24]