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Plot (narrative)

In a literary work, film, or other narrative, the plot is the sequence of events in which each event affects the next one through the principle of cause-and-effect. The causal events of a plot can be thought of as a series of events linked by the connector "and so". Plots can vary from the simple—such as in a traditional ballad—to forming complex interwoven structures, with each part sometimes referred to as a subplot or imbroglio.

For other uses, see Plot (disambiguation).

Plot is similar in meaning to the term storyline.[2][3] In the narrative sense, the term highlights important points which have consequences within the story, according to American science fiction writer Ansen Dibell.[1] The term plot can also serve as a verb, referring to either the writer's crafting of a plot (devising and ordering story events), or else to a character's planning of future actions in the story.


The term plot, however, in common usage (for example, a "movie plot") can mean a narrative summary or story synopsis, rather than a specific cause-and-effect sequence. It can even refer to the whole narrative broadly.

lay out the flow of panels across a page

ensure the story successfully builds suspense

work out points of view, camera angles, and character positions within panels

serve as a basis for the next stage of development, the "pencil" stage, where detailed drawings are produced in a more polished layout which will, in turn, serve as the basis for the inked drawings.

(1900) [Copyright 1894], Freytag's Technique of the Drama, An Exposition of Dramatic Composition and Art by Dr. Gustav Freytag: An Authorized Translation From the Sixth German Edition by Elias J. MacEwan, M.A. (3rd ed.), Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Company, LCCN 13-283

Freytag, Gustav

Mack, Maynard; Knox, Bernard M. W.; McGaillard, John C.; et al., eds. (1985), The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, vol. 1 (5th ed.), New York: , ISBN 0-393-95432-3

W. W. Norton & Company

Obstfeld, Raymond (2002). . Cincinnati, OH: Writer's Digest Books. ISBN 1-58297-117-X.

Fiction First Aid: Instant Remedies for Novels, Stories and Scripts

Foster-Harris (1960). The Basic Formulas of Fiction. Norman, OK: . ASIN B0007ITQBY.

University of Oklahoma Press

Polking, K (1990). . Cincinnati, OH: Writer's Digest Books. ISBN 0-89879-435-8.

Writing A to Z

Information on the most common divisions of the basic plots, from the Internet Public Library organization.

The "Basic" Plots In Literature

Plot Definition, meaning and examples

The Minimal Plot, on cyclic structures of the basic plots by Yevgeny Slavutin and Vladimir Pimonov.