Polish people
Polish people, or Poles,[a] are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation[37][38][39] who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe. The preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland defines the Polish nation as comprising all the citizens of Poland, regardless of heritage or ethnicity. The majority of Poles adhere to Roman Catholicism.[36]
For a specific analysis of the population of Poland, see Demographics of Poland.
Polacy (Polish)
2,253,000 (2018)[5]
1,800,000 (2007)[6]
1,010,705 (2013)[7]
500,000 (2014)[13]
500,000 (2014)[13]
288,000 (2019)[14]
273,000 (2013)[15]
216,056 (2006)[16]
202,300 (2011)[17]
183,000 (2021)[18]
144,130 (2001)[19]
112,500 (2018)[20]
108,255 (2019)[21]
75,323 (2012)[23]
69,898 (2015)[24]
63,000 (2019)[25]
60,000 (2017)[15]
49,600 (2019)[25]
44,783 (2011)[26]
37,876 (2014)[27]
34,057 (2018)[28]
30,000 (2014)[29]
20,927 (2022)[30]
20,305 (2017)[31]
20,000 (2007)[6]
16,748 (2012)[33]
15,000 (2019)[25]
14,500 (2015)[15]
10,000 (2007)[6]
10,000 (2007)[6]
10,000 (2007)[6]
10,000 (2007)[6]
5,282 (2021)[34]
4,326[35]
The population of self-declared Poles in Poland is estimated at 37,394,000 out of an overall population of 38,512,000 (based on the 2011 census),[40] of whom 36,522,000 declared Polish alone.[2][41][4] A wide-ranging Polish diaspora (the Polonia) exists throughout Eurasia, the Americas, and Australasia. Today, the largest urban concentrations of Poles are within the Warsaw metropolitan area and the Katowice urban area.
Ethnic Poles are considered to be the descendants of the ancient West Slavic Lechites and other tribes that inhabited the Polish territories during the late antiquity period. Poland's recorded history dates back over a thousand years to c. 930–960 AD, when the Western Polans – an influential tribe in the Greater Poland region – united various Lechitic clans under what became the Piast dynasty,[42] thus creating the first Polish state. The subsequent Christianization of Poland by the Catholic Church, in 966 CE, marked Poland's advent to the community of Western Christendom. However, throughout its existence, the Polish state followed a tolerant policy towards minorities resulting in numerous ethnic and religious identities of the Poles, such as Polish Jews.