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Poltergeist

In German folklore and ghostlore, a poltergeist (/ˈpltərˌɡst/ or /ˈpɒltərˌɡst/; German: [ˈpɔltɐɡaɪ̯st] ; 'rumbling ghost' or 'noisy spirit') is a type of ghost or spirit that is responsible for physical disturbances, such as loud noises and objects being moved or destroyed. Most claims or fictional descriptions of poltergeists show them as being capable of pinching, biting, hitting, and tripping people. They are also depicted as capable of the movement or levitation of objects such as furniture and cutlery, or noises such as knocking on doors. Foul smells are also associated with poltergeist occurrences, as well as spontaneous fires and different electrical issues such as flickering lights.[1]

For other uses, see Poltergeist (disambiguation).

These manifestations have been recorded in many cultures and countries, including Brazil, Australia, the United States, Japan and most European nations. The first recorded cases date back to the 1st century.

Etymology[edit]

The word poltergeist comes from the German language words poltern 'to make sound, to rumble' and Geist 'ghost, spirit' and the term itself translates as 'noisy ghost', 'rumble-ghost' or a 'loud spirit'. A synonym coined by René Sudre is thorybism, from the Ancient Greek θορυβείν (thorubeín) 'to make noise or uproar, to throw into confusion'.

(1772) - since 1825 [8]

Stockwell ghost

(1876)

Ballechin House

The (1977) - John Beloff, a former president of the Society for Psychical Research and Anita Gregory concluded that the claimants were playing tricks on the investigators.[9]

Enfield poltergeist claim

(1984)

Columbus poltergeist case

(1654–1656)

Glenluce Devil

(1662)

Drummer of Tedworth

(1695)

Mackie poltergeist

(1716–1717)

Wesley poltergeist claim at Epworth Rectory

(1764–1771)

Hinton Ampner

of Tennessee (1817–1872)

Bell Witch

(1824)

John Bovee Dods

(1834)

Bealings Bells

(ca. 1846)

Angelique Cottin

(1878–1879)

Great Amherst Mystery

(1931)

Gef the Talking Mongoose

(1937) [33]

Borley Rectory

(1958)

Seaford poltergeist

(1960s–1970s)

Matthew Manning

(1960s–1970s)

The Black Monk of Pontefract

(1967)[34][35]

Rosenheim poltergeist claim

The poltergeist (1970s–1980s)

Stambovsky v. Ackley

(1975)

The Amityville case

(1977-1979)

Enfield poltergeist

Birmingham (1981)

Thornton Road poltergeist claim

2011

Ammons Haunting case

Radford, Benjamin (July 17, 2013). . Live Science.

"Poltergeists: Noisy Spirits"

(1970). ESP, Seers & Psychics. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. ISBN 978-0-690-26815-7

Christopher, Milbourne

(2012). The Science of Ghosts: Searching for Spirits of the Dead. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-61614-586-6

Nickell, Joe

(1896). Poltergeists. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research 12: 45–115.

Podmore, Frank

A.R.G. Owen. (1964). Can We Explain the Poltergeist? Garrett Publications / New York

Goss, Michael. (1979). Poltergeists: An Annotated Bibliography of Works in English, Circa 1880–1975. Scarecrow Press.

(1993). Poltergeist: Tales of the Supernatural. London: Bracken Books. ISBN 1-85891-084-6.

Price, Harry

. (1988, originally published in 1940). Poltergeists: An Introduction and Examination Followed by Chosen Instances. Dorset Press.

Sitwell, Sacheverell

Andrew Lang, Psychanalyse-paris.com

The Poltergeist and his explainers

Skeptic's Dictionary