there must be a legitimate aim for a measure
the measure must be suitable to achieve the aim (potentially with a requirement of evidence to show it will have that effect)
the measure must be necessary to achieve the aim, that there cannot be any less onerous way of doing it
the measure must be reasonable, considering the competing interests of different groups at hand
Non-combatant Casualty Value
Civilian casualty ratio
Convention on Cybercrime
Let the punishment fit the crime
[1986] 1 S.C.R. 103
R. v. Oakes
Ryuichi Shimoda et al. v. The State
Strict scrutiny
[in German] (Spring 2007). "Proportionality in Canadian and German Constitutional Jurisprudence". University of Toronto Law Journal. 57 (2). University of Toronto Press: 383–397. doi:10.1353/tlj.2007.0014. ISSN 1710-1174. JSTOR 4491725.
Grimm, Dieter
Hampson, Françoise (2011). . Crimes of War Education Project. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013.