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Queen Victoria

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days, which was longer than those of any of her predecessors, is known as the Victorian era. It was a period of industrial, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. In 1876, the British Parliament voted to grant her the additional title of Empress of India.

"Victoria of the United Kingdom" and "Victoria I" redirect here. For other people, see Victoria of the United Kingdom (disambiguation) and Queen Victoria (disambiguation). For the videogame, see Victoria: An Empire Under the Sun.

Victoria

20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901

28 June 1838

1 May 1876 – 22 January 1901

1 January 1877

Position established

Edward VII

Princess Alexandrina Victoria of Kent
(1819-05-24)24 May 1819
Kensington Palace, London, England

22 January 1901(1901-01-22) (aged 81)
Osborne House, Isle of Wight, England

4 February 1901

(m. 1840; died 1861)

Cursive signature of Queen Victoria

Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (the fourth son of King George III), and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. After the deaths of her father and grandfather in 1820, she was raised under close supervision by her mother and her comptroller, John Conroy. She inherited the throne aged 18 after her father's three elder brothers died without surviving legitimate issue. Victoria, a constitutional monarch, attempted privately to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality.


Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, earning Victoria the sobriquet "grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, British republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond jubilees were times of public celebration. Victoria died in 1901 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, at the age of 81. The last British monarch of the House of Hanover, she was succeeded by her son Edward VII of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Titles, styles, honours, and arms

Titles and styles

At the end of her reign, the Queen's full style was: "Her Majesty Victoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith, Empress of India".[235]

Red borders indicate British monarchs

Bold borders indicate children of British monarchs

at the official website of the British monarchy

Queen Victoria

at the official website of the Royal Collection Trust

Queen Victoria

at BBC Teach

Queen Victoria

at the National Portrait Gallery, London

Portraits of Queen Victoria

online from the Royal Archive and Bodleian Library

Queen Victoria's Journals

at Project Gutenberg

Works by Queen Victoria

at Internet Archive

Works by or about Queen Victoria

at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)

Works by Queen Victoria

in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

Newspaper clippings about Queen Victoria