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Regional Connector

The Regional Connector Transit Project constructed a 1.9-mile (3.1 km) light rail tunnel for the Los Angeles Metro Rail system in Downtown Los Angeles. It connected the A and E lines with the former L Line. The A and E lines previously both terminated at 7th Street/Metro Center station, coming from Long Beach and Santa Monica, respectively, while the L Line ran through Little Tokyo/Arts District to either Azusa or East Los Angeles. Now the A and E lines continue together through new stations at Grand Avenue Arts/Bunker Hill, Historic Broadway, and Little Tokyo/Arts District. From there, they diverge on the former L Line toward Azusa and East Los Angeles, respectively. The project provides a one-seat ride into the core of Downtown for passengers on those lines who previously needed to transfer, thus reducing or altogether eliminating many transfers of passengers traveling across the region via Downtown Los Angeles.[1]

Not to be confused with the Downtown Connector in Atlanta.

 Regional Connector Transit Project A Line E Line 

Open

3

A Line E Line 

June 16, 2023 (2023-06-16)

1.9 mi (3.1 km)

Fully underground

4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

The project was implemented by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro). It was given high priority by Metro in its long-range plan[2] and had funding set aside for it in Measure R.[3]


The draft environmental impact statement was completed in September 2010, selection of a preferred alternative was completed in late October 2010, and the Final Environmental Impact Report was certified on April 26, 2012.[4]


Pre-construction on the project began in December 2012. The contract for heavy construction on the project was signed on July 9, 2014, and its official groundbreaking was held on September 30, 2014.[5]


Originally scheduled to open in 2020 but delayed due to construction and train testing difficulties, the project opened on June 16, 2023.[6][7]

, located at 1st Street and Central Avenue, which replaces the former above-ground station of the same name

Little Tokyo/Arts District

, located at 2nd Street and Broadway

Historic Broadway

, located at 2nd Place and Hope Street

Grand Avenue Arts/Bunker Hill

Background[edit]

The connector was envisioned as early as 1984 when planning and building the Metro Blue Line and restudied with a through connection in the Pasadena Light Rail Corridor studies in 1989.[13][14] LACMTA originally envisioned the Blue Line running through Downtown L.A. to Union Station and onward to Pasadena with potential future lines to the northwest (Burbank/Glendale) and to the south and west (Exposition Park/Santa Monica). The connector was not completed due to lack of funds and realignment of the Red Line Eastside Extension, which later became an extension of the Pasadena Gold Line (the Gold Line was renamed the L line in 2019).


The connector was formally studied for the first time as a stand-alone project in a Major Investment Study in 1992–1993, in preparation of the Long Range Transportation Plan. The project was revived in 2004, when LACMTA staff initiated a technical feasibility assessment for a potential regional connector. This study focused on conceptual methods to provide a regional connector and to alleviate potential operational constraints.[15]


The 2004 staff study looked at the potential alignments that would not be entirely underground,[15] due to funding constraints from the voter-approved 1998 Prop A ban on local county subway funding. Most of the alignments were under Flower Street, surfacing between 5th Street and 1st Street and proceeding east to Alameda Street, connecting to the Eastside light rail corridor (now part of the Metro L Line), and continuing either north toward Union Station and Azusa or east toward East Los Angeles.


LACMTA staff analyzed at-grade street-running couplets, transit mall, elevated and hybrid subway/at-grade/elevated alignments along east-west streets such as Temple Street, First Street, Second Street and Third Street and utilizing available grade-separated infrastructure such as the Second Street Tunnel through Bunker Hill (between Hill and Figueroa Streets) or the Third Street Tunnel (between Hill and Flower Streets) to minimize costs, improve operating times and improve the feasibility of constructing the project.


In July 2006, the LACMTA Board voted to approve funding and staff to initiate a Major Investment Study (MIS) for the Regional Connector in conjunction with approval of a similar study for the extension of the Red Line subway. In June 2007, the LACMTA Board approved the consultants to perform the Alternative Analysis and MIS, and in July 2007 the Alternatives Analysis was initiated.[16] In November 2007, preliminary outreach meetings for the Alternative Analysis were held at Central Library and the Japanese American National Museum (JANM). The results from these meetings were presented to the public in February 2008, including the descriptions of the eight route alternatives identified for analysis, narrowed down to two later in 2008. At the January 2009 Metro Board Meeting, the Regional Connector was approved and received funding to continue in the environmental study process (Draft EIS/EIR).[16]

Project funding[edit]

Measure R guarantees the Regional Connector $160 million for implementation.[3] In February 2014, the federal government granted Metro $670 million in New Starts funds and $160 million in infrastructure loans for the project.[22]

Construction[edit]

Pre-construction activities began in December 2012, with the start of the relocation of utility pipes. Major heavy construction was scheduled to begin in 2013, but was delayed by lawsuits, among other factors.[23] The main contractor was finally issued a "Notice to Proceed" in early July 2014;[24] the official groundbreaking for heavy construction on the project was held on September 30, 2014.[5]


Most sections of the Regional Connector tunnel is built using the tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction method,[25] though some sections (especially the locations of the three future subway rail stations) use the cut-and-cover construction method[25] with an emphasis on maintaining as much road access as possible during construction. Metro has an agreement with the Los Angeles Music Center to use the most advanced state of the art noise-suppression measures underneath 2nd Street where it passes Walt Disney Concert Hall and the Colburn School of Music. This commits Metro to use procedures to ensure that the rumble of trains does not intrude on the sound quality of recordings made in the venues or mar audiences' musical experience within this sensitive stretch of the tunnel.[26]


Two modest, one-story brick buildings had to be demolished since the Little Tokyo/Arts District station will be moved underground and across the street. One of the structures existed since at least 1898 and both played an important role in the cultural life of the Little Tokyo neighborhood for decades.[27][28]


By late 2017, one of the two tunnels had been completed; the second tunnel was completed in January 2018.[29] Extra work and expense were required to work around century-old water and electric infrastructure beneath downtown Los Angeles. Metro had revised its estimate for the project completion to early 2023, more than two years after the original estimated completion date.[30]


In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent state-mandated closings of local businesses and stay-at-home orders that resulted in reduced traffic, the city of Los Angeles was able to shut down some local roads, allowing Metro to accelerate construction.[31] In April 2022, Metro completed all trackwork as well as station platforms and system guideways.[6]


Starting April 9, 2023, the project's final testing phase began. The A, E, and L Line trains ran through the newly built tunnel from Long Beach to Azusa and Santa Monica to East Los Angeles.[32] The final work included station plaza, street restoration, and fencing construction. It opened on June 16, 2023.[7]

K Line

D Line Extension

Center City Commuter Connection

D2 Subway

Regional Connector Transit Project – official Metro website

Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority

City of Los Angeles Office of the Mayor