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Saxony

Saxony,[a] officially the Free State of Saxony,[b] is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and its largest city is Leipzig. Saxony is the tenth largest of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of 18,413 square kilometres (7,109 sq mi), and the sixth most populous, with more than 4 million inhabitants.

This article is about the modern state of Germany. For other uses, see Saxony (disambiguation).

Free State of Saxony
Freistaat Sachsen (German)
Freischdaad Saggsn (Upper Saxon)
Swobodny stat Sakska (Upper Sorbian)

CDU / Greens / SPD

4 (of 69)

18,415.66 km2 (7,110.33 sq mi)

4,077,937

220/km2 (570/sq mi)

Saxon

€146.511 billion (2022)

€35,909 (2022)

0.938[2]
very high · 9th of 16

The term Saxony has been in use for more than a millennium. It was used for the medieval Duchy of Saxony, the Electorate of Saxony of the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Saxony, and twice for a republic. The first Free State of Saxony was established in 1918 as a constituent state of the Weimar Republic. After World War II, it was under Soviet occupation before it became part of communist East Germany and was abolished by the government in 1952. Following German reunification, the Free State of Saxony was reconstituted with enlarged borders in 1990 and became one of the five new states of the Federal Republic of Germany.


The area of the modern state of Saxony should not be confused with Old Saxony, the area inhabited by Saxons. Old Saxony corresponds roughly to the modern German states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and the Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Demographics[edit]

Population change[edit]

Saxony is a densely populated state if compared with more rural German states such as Bavaria or Lower Saxony. However, the population has declined over time. The population of Saxony began declining in the 1950s due to emigration, a process which accelerated after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. After bottoming out in 2013, the population has stabilized due to increased immigration and higher fertility rates. The cities of Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz, and the towns of Radebeul and Markkleeberg in their vicinity, have seen their populations increase since 2000. The following tables illustrate the foreign resident populations and the population of Saxony from 1816 to 2018:

Dresden is the hub of Silicon Saxony.

Dresden is the hub of Silicon Saxony.

Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk is one of Germany's public broadcasters.

Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk is one of Germany's public broadcasters.

Leipzig/Halle Airport is the main hub of DHL and the fifth-busiest airport in Europe in terms of cargo traffic.

Leipzig/Halle Airport is the main hub of DHL and the fifth-busiest airport in Europe in terms of cargo traffic.

Glashütte is the birthplace of the German watchmaking industry.

Glashütte is the birthplace of the German watchmaking industry.

VNG – Verbundnetz Gas in Leipzig is the third-largest natural-gas importer in Germany.

VNG – Verbundnetz Gas in Leipzig is the third-largest natural-gas importer in Germany.

Porsche customer center in Leipzig

Porsche customer center in Leipzig

BMW production facility in Leipzig

BMW production facility in Leipzig

Saxony (wine region)

States of Germany

Official governmental portal

Geographic data related to at OpenStreetMap

Saxony