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Scandoromani

Scandoromani is a North Germanic based Para-Romani language. It is spoken by the Scandinavian Romanisæl Travellers, a Romani minority community, in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly speakers),[1] and formerly in Sweden.

Scandoromani

Norway, Sweden, Denmark

c. 100–150 (2014)[1]
Speakers mostly elderly. More people speak Swedish with some Roma vocabulary.[1]

recognised minority language in
 Norway (1993)
 Sweden (1999)

Variously:
rmg – Traveller Norwegian
rmu – Tavringer Romani (Sweden)
rmd – Traveller Danish

trav1236  Norwegian
tavr1235  Swedish
trav1237  Danish

Subforms are referred to as:


Like Angloromani in Britain and Caló in Spain, Scandoromani draws upon a (now extinct) vocabulary of inflected Romani. Much of the original Romani grammar, however, has been lost to the users, and they now communicate in Swedish or Norwegian grammar.


There is no standardised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scandoromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (ä, æ, ø, å) and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., tj- (/ɕ/) or kj- (/ç/ alt. /tʃ/) to represent the Romani č /tʃ/ and čh /tʃʰ/. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: tjuro[7] (S) / kjuro[2] (N) 'knife'; gräj[7] (S) / grei[2] (N) 'horse'.

Finnish Kalo language

Para-Romani

(1948). Vandrings- eller skøiersprog; med tillegg av F. L. Hartman og N. Olsen. Ord og sed (in Norwegian). Oslo: Noregs boklag Helge Refsum.

Baardsen, Gjest

Baardsen, Gjest. . Digital Archives. Archived from the original on March 30, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2022.

"Samling af de mest forrekommende Ord i det saakaldte Vandrings eller Skøiersprog"

(1992). "The social and linguistic development of Scandoromani". In Håkon Jahr, Ernst (ed.). Language Contact: Theoretical and Empirical Studies. Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 37–52. ISBN 3-11-012802-0.

Hancock, Ian

(1945). The Rodi (Rotwelsch) in Norway. Secret languages in Norway. Oslo: I Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad.

Iversen, Ragnvald

Karlsen, Ludvig (1993). Romani-folkets ordbok : [tavringens rakripa : de reisendes språk : romani-norsk-engelsk] (in Traveller Norwegian, Norwegian, and English). Oslo.  8299236312.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

ISBN

[in Swedish]; Thorbjörnsson-Djerf, Kenth (2008). Carling, Gerd (ed.). Ordbok över svensk romani: Resandefolkets språk och sånger (in Swedish). Stockholm: Podium. ISBN 978-91-89196-43-8. (A lexicon and grammatical overview of Tavringer Romani; includes several Traveller song texts in extenso)

Lindell, Lenny

Miskow, Johan; Brøndal, Viggo (1923). (PDF). Danske Studier (in Danish): 97–145.

"Sigøjnersprog i Danmark"

Dyneley Prince, J. (1925). (PDF). Journal of the American Oriental Society. 45: 97–105. doi:10.2307/593478. JSTOR 593478.

"The Gypsy Language of Denmark"

at the Wayback Machine (archived May 17, 2008) (in Norwegian)

Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok

(in Bokmål and English)

Norwegian Romani Dictionary

Examples of Tavringer Romani text from the websites of the and the Swedish Language Council (in Swedish)

Swedish Parliament