Sejm
The Sejm (English: /seɪm/, Polish: [sɛjm] ), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland.
For other uses, see Sejm (disambiguation).
Sejm of the Republic of Poland
Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
1493 (historical)
1921 (contemporary)
Dorota Niedziela, PO
Piotr Zgorzelski, PSL
Włodzimierz Czarzasty, NL
Krzysztof Bosak, RN
since 13 November 2023
460 deputies (231 majority)
- Administration and Internal Affairs
- Agriculture and Rural Development
- Constitutional Accountability
- Culture and Media
- Deputies' Ethics
- Digitization, Innovation and Modern Technology
- Economy and Development
- Education, Science and Youth
- Energy, Climate and State Assets
- Environment Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry
- European Union Affairs
- Family and Women Rights
- Foreign Affairs
- Health
- Infrastructure
- Justice and Human Rights
- Legislative
- Liaison with Poles Abroad
- Local Self-Government and Regional Policy
- Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation
- National and Ethnic Minorities
- National Defense
- Physic Education and Sport
- Public Finances
- Rules and Deputies' Affairs
- Senior Policy
- Social Policy and Family
- Special Services
- State Control
Open-list proportional representation in 41 constituencies (5% national election thresholda)
The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the Third Polish Republic since the transition of government in 1989. Along with the upper house of parliament, the Senate, it forms the national legislature in Poland known as National Assembly (Polish: Zgromadzenie Narodowe). The Sejm is composed of 460 deputies (singular deputowany or poseł – "envoy") elected every four years by a universal ballot. The Sejm is presided over by a speaker called the "Marshal of the Sejm" (Marszałek Sejmu).
In the Kingdom of Poland, the term Sejm referred to an entire two-chamber parliament, comprising the Chamber of Deputies (Izba Poselska), the Senate and the King. It was thus a three-estate parliament. The 1573 Henrician Articles strengthened the assembly's jurisdiction, making Poland a constitutional elective monarchy. Since the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939), Sejm has referred only to the lower house of parliament.
During the existence of the Polish People's Republic, the Sejm, then a unicameral parliament, was the supreme organ of state power in the country. It was the only government branch in the state, and per the principle of unified power, all state organs were subservient to it. However, in practice it was widely considered to be a rubber stamp legislature which existed to approve decisions made by the ruling party, the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) as a formality, and which had little to no real power of its own.