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Shirk (Islam)

Shirk (Arabic: شِرْك, lit. 'association') in Islam is a sin often roughly translated as 'idolatry' or 'polytheism', but more accurately meaning 'association [with God]'.[1][2][a] It refers to accepting other divinities or powers alongside God as associates.[4][5] In contrast, Islam teaches God does not share divine attributes with anyone, as it is disallowed according to the Islamic doctrine of tawhid.[6][7] The Quran, the central religious text of Islam, states in 4:48 that God will not forgive shirk if one dies without repenting of it.[8][7][9]

The one who commits shirk is called a mushrik.[b] The opposite of shirk is tawhid[c] and the opposite of mushrik is muwahhid.[d]

Etymology[edit]

The word shirk comes from the Arabic root sh-r-k (ش ر ك), with the general meaning of 'to share'.[10] In the context of the Quran, the particular sense of 'sharing as an equal partner' is usually understood, so that polytheism means 'attributing a partner to God'. In the Quran, shirk and the related word mushrikūn (مشركون)—those who commit shirk and plot against Islam—often refer to the enemies of Islam (as in al-Tawbah verses 9:1–15).[11]: 9:1–15 

Shirk al-akbar (: شِرْك ٱلْأَكْبَر, romanized: shirk al-akbar; lit. 'greater shirk'): open and apparent

Arabic

Shirk al-asghar or al-shirk al-khafi (: شِرْك ٱلْأَصْغَر, romanized: shirk al-aṣghar; lit. 'lesser shirk'): concealed or hidden. It is when people perform the necessary rituals but not for God but for the sake of others, including social recognition.[37] Hidden shirk might be unwitting, yet punishable, although to a lesser extent than greater forms of shirk.[38]

Arabic

Black Stone

Haram

Henotheism

Islam and blasphemy

Islamic schools and branches

Islamic view of the Trinity

Islamic views on Jesus' death

Paganism

Pre-Islamic Arabia

(confession)

Shahada

(idol)

Taghut

Zebiri, Kate (1995). "Relations Between Muslims and Non-Muslims in the Thought of Western-Educated Muslim Intellectuals – Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations". Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations. 6 (2): 255–277. :10.1080/09596419508721055.

doi

Archived 2015-05-29 at the Wayback Machine

Shirk in legislation