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History of the Philippines (1565–1898)

The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821. This resulted in direct Spanish control during a period of governmental instability there. The Philippines was under direct royal governance from 1821 to 1898.[1]

The first documented European contact with the Philippines was made in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan in his circumnavigation expedition,[2] during which he was killed in the Battle of Mactan. Forty-four years later, a Spanish expedition led by Miguel López de Legazpi left modern Mexico and began the Spanish conquest of the Philippines. Legazpi's expedition arrived in the Philippines in 1565, during the reign of Philip II of Spain, whose name has remained attached to the country. Colonization officially began with the surrender of Rajah Tupas and the Treaty of Cebu on June 4, 1565 with Legazpi.[3]


The Spanish colonial period ended with the defeat of Spain by the United States in the Spanish–American War and the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898, which marked the beginning of the American colonial era of Philippine history.

Antonio de Morga

Philippine revolts against Spain

Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas

Luis Pérez Dasmariñas

Santiago de Vera

Pedro Chirino

Lakandula

Rajah Sulayman

Philippine Revolutionary Army

Ferdinand Blumentritt

List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines

Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1990), (Eighth ed.), University of the Philippines, ISBN 971-8711-06-6.

History of the Filipino People

Abinales, P. N.; Amoroso, Donna J. (2005), , Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0-7425-1024-1.

State and Society in the Philippines

(1975), The Philippines: A Past Revisited, Quezon City: Tala Publishing Services, ISBN 971-8958-00-2.

Constantino, Renato

Cummins, Joseph (2006), , History's great untold stories: obscure events of lasting importance, Murdoch Books, pp. 132–138, ISBN 978-1-74045-808-5.

"11. A Legend of Freedom: Francisco Dagohoy and the Rebels of Bohol"

Dolan, Ronald E. (Ed.). (1991). . Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved December 20, 2009 from Country Studies US Website.

Philippines: A Country Study

Fish, Shirley (2003), , 1stBooks Library, ISBN 978-1-4107-1069-7, ISBN 1-4107-1069-6, ISBN 978-1-4107-1069-7.

When Britain ruled the Philippines, 1762-1764: the story of the 18th century British invasion of the Philippines during the Seven Years' War

Guerrero, Milagros; Schumacher, S.J., John (1998), , Kasaysayan: The History of the Filipino People, vol. 5, Asia Publishing Company Limited, ISBN 962-258-228-1.

Reform and Revolution

Newson, Linda A. (April 16, 2009), , University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-6197-1.

Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines

Quibuyen, Floro C. (2008) [1999], A Nation Aborted: Rizal, American Hegemony, and Philippine nationalism (Revised ed.), Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press,  978-971-550-574-1.

ISBN

Schottenhammer, Angela (2008), , Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3-447-05809-4.

The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Commerce and Human Migration

Scott, William Henry (1985), , New Day Publishers, ISBN 978-971-10-0074-5.

Cracks in the parchment curtain and other essays in Philippine history

Spate, Oskar Hermann Khristian (2004), , Australian National University, ISBN 1-920942-16-5.

The Spanish Lake

Tracy, Nicholas (1995), , University of Exeter Press, ISBN 978-0-85989-426-5.

Manila Ransomed: The British Assault on Manila in the Seven Years' War

Villarroel, Fidel (2009), , in Ramírez, Dámaso de Lario (ed.), Re-shaping the World: Philip II of Spain and His Time (illustrated ed.), Ateneo de Manila University Press, ISBN 978-971-550-556-7.

"Philip II and the "Philippine Referendum" of 1599"

Williams, Patrick (2009), , in Ramírez, Dámaso de Lario (ed.), Re-shaping the World: Philip II of Spain and His Time (illustrated ed.), Ateneo de Manila University Press, ISBN 978-971-550-556-7.

"Philip II, the Philippines, and the Hispanic World"

Yu-Jose, Lydia N. (1999), , Ateneo de Manila University Press, ISBN 978-971-550-281-8.

Japan views the Philippines, 1900-1944

Zaide, Gregorio F. (1939), , Philippine Education Co..

Philippine History and Civilization

Zaide, Sonia M (2006), The Philippines: A Unique Nation, All-Nations Publishing Co Inc, Quezon City,  971-642-071-4.

ISBN

– Google Books

Shamanism, Catholicism and Gender Relations in Colonial Philippines 1521–1685

– a historical account written by a Spanish lawyer who lived in the Philippines during the 19th century (archived 23 November 2009)

De las islas filipinas

(archived 14 August 2009)

Timeline of Philippine History: Spanish colonization