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St. Bartholomew's Day massacre

The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (French: Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) during the French Wars of Religion. Traditionally believed to have been instigated by Queen Catherine de' Medici, the mother of King Charles IX,[2] the massacre started a few days after the marriage on 18 August of the king's sister Margaret to the Protestant King Henry III of Navarre. Many of the wealthiest and most prominent Huguenots had gathered in largely Catholic Paris to attend the wedding.

This article is about the historical event. For the Doctor Who serial, see The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve.

The massacre began in the night of 23–24 August 1572, the eve of the feast of Bartholomew the Apostle, two days after the attempted assassination of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, the military and political leader of the Huguenots. King Charles IX ordered the killing of a group of Huguenot leaders, including Coligny, and the slaughter spread throughout Paris. Lasting several weeks in all, the massacre expanded outward to the countryside and other urban centres. Modern estimates for the number of dead across France vary widely, from 5,000 to 30,000.


The massacre marked a turning point in the French Wars of Religion. The Huguenot political movement was crippled by the loss of many of its prominent aristocratic leaders, and many rank-and-file members subsequently converted. Those who remained became increasingly radicalized. Though by no means unique, the bloodletting "was the worst of the century's religious massacres".[3] Throughout Europe, it "printed on Protestant minds the indelible conviction that Catholicism was a bloody and treacherous religion".[4]

The , which put an end to the third War of Religion on 8 August 1570.

Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye

The marriage between and Margaret of Valois on 18 August 1572.

Henry III of Navarre

The failed assassination of Admiral de Coligny on 22 August 1572.

List of incidents of cannibalism

a massacre of Catholics by Protestants in Nîmes in 1567

Michelade

in 1631

Sack of Magdeburg

a massacre during World War II that was named after the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre

Grenoble's Saint-Bartholomew's Day

Anglo, Sydney (2005), Machiavelli – the First Century: Studies in Enthusiasm, Hostility, and Irrelevance, Oxford University Press,  978-0-19-926776-7 Google Books

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Man on his Past, Cambridge University Press, 1955, Chapter VI, Lord Acton and the Massacre of St Bartholomew

Butterfield, Herbert

Denis Crouzet : Les Guerriers de Dieu. La violence au temps des troubles de religion vers 1525–vers 1610, Champvallon, 1990 ( 2-87673-094-4), La Nuit de la Saint-Barthélemy. Un rêve perdu de la Renaissance, Fayard, coll. " Chroniques ", 1994 (ISBN 2-213-59216-0) ;

ISBN

Garrisson, Janine, 1572 : la Saint-Barthélemy, Complexe, 2000 ( 2-87027-721-0). (in French) Google books

ISBN

Holt, Mack P. (1995). The French Wars of Religion, 1562–1629. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  0521-35873-6.

ISBN

Holt, Mack P. (2005). The French Wars of Religion, 1562–1629. Cambridge University Press.

Jouanna, Arlette (1998). Histoire et Dictionnaire des Guerres de Religion. Bouquins.

Salmon, J.H.M (1979). Society in Crisis: France during the Sixteenth Century. Metheun & Co.

Discourse and the Construction of Society: Comparative Studies of Myth, Ritual, and Classification, Oxford University Press US, 1989, ISBN 978-0-19-507909-8 Google Books

Lincoln, Bruce

Note: this article incorporates material from the .

French Wikipedia

Barbara B. Diefendorf, The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: A Brief History with Documents (2008)

Arlette Jouanna and Joseph Bergin. The Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre: The mysteries of a crime of state (2015)

online

Robert Kingdon. Myths about the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacres, 1572–1576 (1988)

James R. Smither, "The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and Images of Kingship in France: 1572–1574." The Sixteenth Century Journal (1991): 27–46.  2542014

JSTOR

N. M Sutherland. The Massacre of St. Bartholomew and the European conflict, 1559–1572 (1973)

BBC Radio 4 discussion with Diarmaid McCulloch, Mark Greengrass & Penny Roberts, chaired by Melvyn Bragg (In Our Time, Nov. 27, 2003)

St Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Massacres during the wars of religion: The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre, a foundational event (at Massacres.org)

. Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

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