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Stefan Zweig

Stefan Zweig (/zwɡ, swɡ/;[1] German: [ˈʃtɛ.fan t͡svaɪ̯k] ; 28 November 1881 – 22 February 1942) was an Austrian writer. At the height of his literary career, in the 1920s and 1930s, he was one of the most widely translated and popular writers in the world.[2]

Not to be confused with Stefanie Zweig.

Stefan Zweig

(1881-11-28)28 November 1881

Vienna, Austria-Hungary (present-day Austria)

22 February 1942(1942-02-22) (aged 60)

Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • Novelist
  • playwright
  • librettist
  • journalist
  • biographer

Zweig was raised in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. He wrote historical studies of famous literary figures, such as Honoré de Balzac, Charles Dickens, and Fyodor Dostoevsky in Drei Meister (1920; Three Masters), and decisive historical events in Decisive Moments in History (1927). He wrote biographies of Joseph Fouché (1929), Mary Stuart (1935) and Marie Antoinette (Marie Antoinette: The Portrait of an Average Woman, 1932), among others. Zweig's best-known fiction includes Letter from an Unknown Woman (1922), Amok (1922), Fear (1925), Confusion of Feelings (1927), Twenty-Four Hours in the Life of a Woman (1927), the psychological novel Ungeduld des Herzens (Beware of Pity, 1939), and The Royal Game (1941).


In 1934, as a result of the Nazi Party's rise in Germany and the establishment of the Standestaat regime in Austria, Zweig emigrated to England and then, in 1940, moved briefly to New York and then to Brazil, where he settled. In his final years, he would declare himself in love with the country, writing about it in the book Brazil, Land of the Future. Nonetheless, as the years passed Zweig became increasingly disillusioned and despairing at the future of Europe, and he and his wife Lotte were found dead of a barbiturate overdose in their house in Petrópolis on 23 February 1942; they had died the previous day. His work has been the basis for several film adaptations. Zweig's memoir, Die Welt von Gestern (The World of Yesterday, 1942), is noted for its description of life during the waning years of the Austro-Hungarian Empire under Franz Joseph I and has been called the most famous book on the Habsburg Empire.[3]

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Forgotten Dreams, 1900 (Original title: Vergessene Träume)

Spring in the Prater, 1900 (Original title: Praterfrühling)

A Loser, 1901 (Original title: Ein Verbummelter)

In the Snow, 1901 (Original title: Im Schnee)

Two Lonely Souls, 1901 (Original title: Zwei Einsame)

The Miracles of Life, 1903 (Original title: Die Wunder des Lebens)

The Love of Erika Ewald, 1904 (Original title: Die Liebe der Erika Ewald)

The Star Over the Forest, 1904 (Original title: Der Stern über dem Walde)

The Fowler Snared, 1906 (Original title: Sommernovellette)

The Governess, 1907 (Original title: Die Governante)

Scarlet Fever, 1908 (Original title: Scharlach)

Twilight, 1910 (Original title: Geschichte eines Unterganges)

A Story Told In Twilight, 1911, short story (Original title: Geschichte in der Dämmerung)

Burning Secret, 1913 (Original title: )

Brennendes Geheimnis

, 1920 (Original title: Angst)

Fear

Compulsion, 1920 (Original title: Der Zwang)

Fantastic Night, 1922 (Original title: Phantastische Nacht)

, 1922 (Original title: Brief einer Unbekannten)

Letter from an Unknown Woman

, 1922 (Original title: Die Mondscheingasse)

Moonbeam Alley

, 1922 (Original title: Amok) – novella, initially published with several others in Amok. Novellen einer Leidenschaft

Amok

The Invisible Collection, 1925 (Original title: Die unsichtbare Sammlung)

Downfall of the Heart, 1927 (Original title: Untergang eines Herzens)

The Invisible Collection see Collected Stories below, (Original title: Die Unsichtbare Sammlung, first published in book form in 'Insel-Almanach auf das Jahr 1927')

[41]

The Refugee, 1927 (Original title: Der Flüchtling. Episode vom Genfer See).

or Confusion: The Private Papers of Privy Councillor R Von D, 1927 (Original title: Verwirrung der Gefühle) – novella initially published in the volume Verwirrung der Gefühle: Drei Novellen

Confusion of Feelings

, 1927 (Original title: Vierundzwanzig Stunden aus dem Leben einer Frau) – novella initially published in the volume Verwirrung der Gefühle: Drei Novellen

Twenty-Four Hours in the Life of a Woman

Widerstand der Wirklichkeit, 1929 (in English as Journey into the Past (1976))

, 1929 (Original title: Buchmendel))

Buchmendel

Short stories, 1930 (Original title: Kleine Chronik. Vier Erzählungen) – includes Buchmendel

Did He Do It?, published between 1935 and 1940 (Original title: War er es?)

Leporella, 1935 (Original title: Leporella)

Collected Stories, 1936 (Original title: Gesammelte Erzählungen) – two volumes of short stories:
1. The Chains (Original title: Die Kette)
2. Kaleidoscope (Original title: Kaleidoskop). Includes: Casual Knowledge of a Craft, Leporella, Fear, Burning Secret, Summer Novella, The Governess, Buchmendel, The Refugee, The Invisible Collection, Fantastic Night, and Moonbeam Alley. Kaleidoscope: thirteen stories and novelettes, published by The Viking Press in 1934, includes some of those just listed — some with differently translated titles — plus others.

Incident on Lake Geneva, 1936 (Original title: Episode am Genfer See Revised version of "Der Flüchtung. Episode vom Genfer See", published in 1927)

The Old-Book Peddler and Other Tales for Bibliophiles, 1937, four pieces (two "clothed in the form of fiction," according to the preface by translator Theodore W. Koch), published by Northwestern University, The Charles Deering Library, Evanston, Illinois:

  1. "Books are the Gateway to the World"
  2. "The Old-Book Peddler; A Viennese Tale for Bibliophiles" (Original title: Buchmendel)
  3. "The Invisible Collection; An Episode from the Post-War Inflation Period" (Original title: Die unsichtbare Sammlung)
  4. "Thanks to Books"

, 1939 (Original title: Ungeduld des Herzens) novel

Beware of Pity

Legends, a collection of five short stories published in 1945 (Original title: Legenden – published also as Jewish Legends with "Buchmendel" instead of "The Dissimilar Doubles":

  1. "Rachel Arraigns with God", 1930 (Original title: "Rahel rechtet mit Gott"
  2. "The Eyes of My Brother, Forever", 1922 (Original title: "Die Augen des ewigen Bruders")
  3. "The Buried Candelabrum", 1936 (Original title: "Der begrabene Leuchter")
  4. "The Legend of The Third Dove", 1945 (Original title: "Die Legende der dritten Taube")
  5. "The Dissimilar Doubles", 1927 (Original title: "Kleine Legende von den gleich-ungleichen Schwestern")

or Chess Story or Chess (Original title: Schachnovelle; Buenos Aires, 1942) – novella written in 1938–41,

The Royal Game

Clarissa, 1981 unfinished novel

The Debt Paid Late, 1982 (Original title: Die spät bezahlte Schuld)

, 1982 (Original title: Rausch der Verwandlung. Roman aus dem Nachlaß; The Intoxication of Metamorphosis)

The Post Office Girl

Schneewinter: 50 zeitlose Gedichte, 2016, editor . Melsbach, Martin Werhand Verlag 2016

Martin Werhand

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Adaptations[edit]

The 1933 Austrian-German drama film The Burning Secret directed by Robert Siodmak was based on Zweig's short story Brennendes Geheimnis. The 1988 remake of the same film Burning Secret was directed by Andrew Birkin and starred Klaus Maria Brandauer and Faye Dunaway.


Letter from an Unknown Woman was filmed in 1948 by Max Ophüls.


Beware of Pity was adapted into a 1946 film with the same title, directed by Maurice Elvey.[44]


Letter from an Unknown Woman was filmed in 1962 by Salah Abu Seif.


An adaptation by Stephen Wyatt of Beware of Pity was broadcast by BBC Radio 4 in 2011.[45]


The 2012 Brazilian film The Invisible Collection, directed by Bernard Attal, is based on Zweig's short story of the same title.[46]


The 2013 French film A Promise (Une promesse) is based on Zweig's novella Journey into the Past (Reise in die Vergangenheit).


The 2013 Swiss film Mary Queen of Scots, directed by Thomas Imbach, is based on Zweig's Maria Stuart.[47]


The end-credits for Wes Anderson's 2014 film The Grand Budapest Hotel say that the film was inspired in part by Zweig's novels. Anderson said that he had "stolen" from Zweig's novels Beware of Pity and The Post-Office Girl in writing the film, and it features actors Tom Wilkinson as The Author, a character based loosely on Zweig, and Jude Law as his younger, idealised self seen in flashbacks. Anderson also said that the film's protagonist, the concierge Gustave H., played by Ralph Fiennes, was based on Zweig. In the film's opening sequence, a teenage girl visits a shrine for The Author, which includes a bust of him wearing Zweig-like spectacles and celebrated as his country's "National Treasure".[48]


The 2017 Austrian-German-French film Vor der Morgenröte (Stefan Zweig: Farewell to Europe) chronicles Stefan Zweig's travels in the North and South Americas, trying to come to terms with his exile from home.


The 2018 American short film Crepúsculo by Clemy Clarke is based on Zweig's short story "A Story Told in Twilight" and relocated to a quinceañera in 1980s New York.[49]


TV film La Ruelle au clair de lune (1988) by Édouard Molinaro is an adaptation of Zweig's short-story Moonbeam Alley.[50]


Schachnovelle, translated as The Royal Game and as Chess Story, was the inspiration for the 1960 Gerd Oswald film Brainwashed,[51] as well as for two Czechoslovakian films—the 1980 Královská hra (The Royal Game) and Šach mat (Checkmate), made for television in 1964[52]—and for the 2021 Philipp Stölzl film Chess Story.[53][54]

a list which includes Confusion of Feelings

Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century

Elizabeth Allday, Stefan Zweig: A Critical Biography, J. Philip O'Hara, Inc., Chicago, 1972  978-0879553012

ISBN

Darién J. Davis; Oliver Marshall, eds. (2010). Stefan and Lotte Zweig's South American Letters: New York, Argentina and Brazil, 1940–42. New York: Continuum.  978-1441107121.

ISBN

Morte no Paraíso, a Tragédia de Stefan Zweig, Editora Nova Fronteira 1981, (rev. ed.) Editora Rocco 2004

Alberto Dines

Alberto Dines, Tod im Paradies. Die Tragödie des Stefan Zweig, Edition Büchergilde, 2006

Randolph J. Klawiter, Stefan Zweig. An International Bibliography, Ariadne Press, Riverside, 1991  978-0929497358

ISBN

Martin Mauthner, German Writers in French Exile, 1933–1940, Vallentine Mitchell, London 2007,  978-0-85303-540-4

ISBN

Three Lives: A Biography of Stefan Zweig, translated by Allan Blunden, Pushkin Press, 2011 ISBN 978-1906548292

Oliver Matuschek

Donald A. Prater, European of Yesterday: A Biography of Stefan Zweig, Holes and Meier, (rev. ed.) 2003  978-0198157076

ISBN

George Prochnik, The Impossible Exile: Stefan Zweig at the End of the World, , 2014, ISBN 978-1590516126

Random House

Giorgia Sogos, Le Biografie di Stefan Zweig tra Geschichte e Psychologie: Triumph und Tragik des Erasmus von Rotterdam, Marie Antoinette, Maria Stuart, , 2013 ISBN 978-88-6655-508-7

Firenze University Press

Giorgia Sogos, Ein Europäer in Brasilien zwischen Vergangenheit und Zukunft. Utopische Projektionen des Exilanten Stefan Zweig, in: Lydia Schmuck, Marina Corrêa (Hrsg.): Europa im Spiegel von Migration und Exil / Europa no contexto de migração e exílio. Projektionen – Imaginationen – Hybride Identitäten/Projecções – Imaginações – Identidades híbridas, Frank & Timme Verlag, Berlin, 2015  978-3-7329-0082-4

ISBN

Giorgia Sogos, Stefan Zweig, der Kosmopolit. Studiensammlung über seine Werke und andere Beiträge. Eine kritische Analyse, Free Pen Verlag, Bonn, 2017  978-3-945177-43-3

ISBN

Giorgia Sogos Wiquel, L’esilio impossibile. Stefan Zweig alla fine del mondo, in: Toscana Ebraica. Bimestrale di notizie e cultura ebraica. Anno 34, n. 6. Firenze: Novembre-Dicembre 2021, Cheshwan – Kislew- Tevet 5782, , 2022 ISSN 2612-0895

Firenze

Marion Sonnenfeld (editor), The World of Yesterday's Humanist Today. Proceedings of the Stefan Zweig Symposium, texts by Alberto Dines, Randolph J. Klawiter, Leo Spitzer and Harry Zohn, State University of New York Press, 1983

Vanwesenbeeck, Birger; Gelber, Mark H. (2014). Stefan Zweig and World Literature: Twenty-First-Century Perspectives. Rochester: Camden House.  9781571139245.

ISBN

Stefan Zweig, Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1946 (account of his life by his first wife)

Friderike Zweig

StefanZweig.org

StefanZweig.de

Stefan Zweig Centre Salzburg

Casa Stefan Zweig

Home page

by Edward Winter

"Stefan Zweig and Chess"

article on Zweig at Tablet Magazine

"No Exit"

– Zweig's letter, which he published in the newspaper Berliner Tageblatt, on September 19, 1914

"To Friends in Foreign Land"

to The World of Yesterday

Zweig's foreword

at perlentaucher.de – das Kulturmagazin (in German)

Stefan Zweig

at the Leo Baeck Institute, New York

Guide to the Correspondence of Stefan Zweig and Siegmund Georg Warburg

at IMDb

Stefan Zweig