Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF), also known as tropical moist forest, is a subtropical and tropical forest habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature.^[1]

"Tropical evergreen forest" redirects here. For the tropical evergreen coniferous forests, see tropical and subtropical coniferous forests.

Lowland equatorial evergreen rain forests, commonly known as , are forests which receive high rainfall (tropical rainforest climate with more than 2000 mm, or 80 inches, annually) throughout the year.^[5] These forests occur in a belt around the equator, with the largest areas in the Amazon basin of South America, the Congo basin of central Africa, the Wet Tropics of Queensland in Australia and parts of the Malay Archipelago. About half of the world's tropical rainforests are in the South American countries of Brazil and Peru. Rainforests now cover less than 6% of Earth's land surface. Scientists estimate that more than half of all the world's plant and animal species live in tropical rainforests.

tropical rainforests

, also known as moist deciduous, monsoon or semi-evergreen (mixed) seasonal forests, have a monsoon or wet savannah climates (as in the Köppen climate classification): receiving high overall rainfall with a warm summer wet season and (often) a cooler winter dry season. Some trees in these forests drop some or all of their leaves during the winter dry season. These forests are found in South Florida, parts of South America, in Central America and around the Caribbean, in coastal West Africa, parts of the Indian subcontinent, Northern Australia and across much of Indochina.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

Tropical seasonal forests

Montane rain forests are found in cooler-climate mountainous areas. Those with elevations high enough to regularly encounter low-level cloud cover are known as .^[10]

cloud forests

Flooded forests, including and peat swamp forests.^[11]

freshwater swamp forests

Manigua a low, often impenetrable dense forest of tangled tropical shrub and small trees. It is usually found in marshy areas but also on dry land in certain places. The term is used in , the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Colombia.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Cuba

The biome includes several types of forests:

Tropical dry broadleaf forest

Tropical coniferous forests

(CTFS)

Center for Tropical Forest Science

(ITTO)

International Tropical Timber Organization

List of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregions

Monodominance

Trees of the world

Tropical vegetation

Cloud forest

from The Nature Conservancy