Tukey depth
In statistics and computational geometry, the Tukey depth [1] is a measure of the depth of a point in a fixed set of points. The concept is named after its inventor, John Tukey. Given a set of n points in d-dimensional space, Tukey's depth of a point x is the smallest fraction (or number) of points in any closed halfspace that contains x.
Tukey's depth measures how extreme a point is with respect to a point cloud. It is used to define the bagplot, a bivariate generalization of the boxplot.
For example, for any extreme point of the convex hull there is always a (closed) halfspace that contains only that point, and hence its Tukey depth as a fraction is 1/n.
Tukey mean and relation to centerpoint[edit]
A centerpoint c of a point set of size n is nothing else but a point of Tukey depth of at least n/(d + 1).