Union of Krewo

In a strict sense, the Union of Krewo or Act of Krėva (also spelled Union of Krevo, Act of Kreva; Polish: unia w Krewie; Lithuanian: Krėvos sutartis) comprised a set of prenuptial promises made at Kreva Castle on 14 August 1385 by Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in regard to his prospective marriage to the underage reigning Queen Jadwiga of Poland.

Though very limited in scope, the "Union of Krewo", in historiography, often refers not only to the particular document but to events of 1385–1386 as a whole.^[1] After the 1385 negotiations, Jogaila converted to Christianity, married Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland in 1386.

The union proved a decisive moment in the histories of Poland and Lithuania; it marked the beginning of four centuries of shared history of the two polities. By 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union had developed into a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which lasted until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.

: conversion of pagan Jogaila, Lithuanian nobles and all pagan Lithuanians to Roman Catholicism

Christianizing Lithuania

paying compensation of 200,000 florins to for the termination of the engagement between Jadwiga and William

William, Duke of Austria

returning of all lands lost in wars by Poland. This in particular referred to territories in that Louis I of Hungary attached to the Kingdom of Hungary.

Red Ruthenia

releasing of all 40,000 or 45,000 Christians war prisoners of Poland held by the Lithuanians

attaching (Latin: applicare) of and Ruthenian lands to the Crown of Poland

Lithuanian

Lithuania ceased to exist as a sovereign state and became a province of Poland. This interpretation was championed by the Polish historians (1862–1949), Anatol Lewicki (1841–1899), Henryk Łowmiański (1898–1984), and Ludwik Kolankowski (1882–1956). This view was newly interpreted by Oskar Halecki (1891–1973), who argued that Lithuania was incorporated into Poland from 1386 to 1401 and became Poland's fief to 1440.

Feliks Koneczny

Lithuania became a of Poland. This view was introduced by Jan Adamus (1896–1962) in 1932 and supported by Henryk Paszkiewicz (1897–1979) and to an extent by Oskar Halecki. Their main arguments was that such a large state could not suddenly became a province in reality and that the Grand Duchy preserved most elements of sovereignty.

fief

Lithuania and Poland were united by a . This view was introduced by the Lithuanian historians Adolfas Šapoka (1906–1961) and Zenonas Ivinskis (1908–1971). They argued that Poland and Lithuania were united only by the monarch.

personal union

translation of union of Krewo:

https://web.archive.org/web/20140620021325/http://polishkingdom.co.uk/unionkreva.html

Works related to full-text of Union of Krewo at Wikisource (in Latin)

The Lithuanian Institute of History article:

https://www.delfi.lt/archive/1385-08-14-krevos-sutartimi-jogaila-isipareigojo-apsikrikstyti-su-savo-valstybes-gyventojais-ir-prislieti-lietuva-prie-lenkijos-karalystes.d?id=23507837