– "The use of physical, psychological and verbal aggression to intimidate others to submit to the will of another and/or cause emotional upset".^[9] Bullying is typically one-sided and unprovoked by the victim and can be present in any environment.^[9]

Bullying

– The abuser makes the victim question not just their own self, but also their own sanity. One way abusers tend to use gaslighting is by questioning the victim in a manner that gets the victim to question their own perceptions of things. The effects of gaslighting include, individuals seeing themselves as outsiders, having low self-esteem, and feeling like they have no support in decision making.^[10][11]

Gaslighting

Accusations/Denial of wrongdoing: When an individual another individual of performing a certain action; When an individual denies his/her actions performed against another individual that could have or did cause the victim harm to self-preserve and protect the abuser. (Gaslighting also fits into this type of abuse).^[12]

falsely accuses

– Refers to when the abuser is attempting to down-scale the severity of the situation and making it seem insignificant to the victim or audience^[13]

Minimization

– When an aggressor uses words or actions against a victim that indicates if the victim does not comply with certain situations and/or actions, harm will be inflicted upon them.^[14]

Threatening

– The use of offensive language/names to gain something from the situation (ex: win an argument) or to probe a negative reaction out of another individual or situation; this is also used to induce rejection or condemnation without consideration of the facts in the situation.^[15]

Name calling

Psychological Effects of Being Yelled At