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Weapon of mass destruction

A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a biological, chemical, radiological, nuclear, or any other weapon that can kill or significantly harm many people or cause great damage to artificial structures (e.g., buildings), natural structures (e.g., mountains), or the biosphere. The scope and usage of the term has evolved and been disputed, often signifying more politically than technically. Originally coined in reference to aerial bombing with chemical explosives during World War II, it has later come to refer to large-scale weaponry of warfare-related technologies, such as biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear warfare.

Not to be confused with Weapons of Mass Destruction (album), Weapons of Mass Distortion, or Weapons of Mass Distraction.

"Nuclear weapons or nuclear-weapons-usable material or any sub-systems or components or any research, development, support or manufacturing facilities relating to [nuclear weapons].

Chemical and biological weapons and all stocks of agents and all related subsystems and components and all research, development, support and manufacturing facilities.

Ballistic missiles with a range greater than 150 kilometres and related major parts, and repair and production facilities."

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Ethics and international legal status[edit]

Some commentators classify some or all the uses of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons during wartime as a war crime (or crime against humanity if widespread) because they kill civilians (who are protected by the laws of war) indiscriminately or are specifically prohibited by international treaties (which have become more comprehensive over time).[99] Proponents of use say that specific uses of such weapons have been necessary for defense or to avoid more deaths in a protracted war.[100] The tactic of terror bombing from aircraft, and generally targeting cities with area bombardment or saturation carpet bombing has also been criticized, defended, and prohibited by treaty in the same way; the destructive effect of conventional saturation bombing is similar to that of a nuclear weapon.[101][102][103]

"" (12 February 2003), BBC News.

WMD: Words of mass dissemination

Bentley, Michelle, "War and/of Worlds: Constructing WMD in U.S. Foreign Policy", Security Studies 22 (Jan. 2013), 68–97.

"What makes a weapon one of mass destruction?" (6 February 2004), The Times.

Michael Evans

"Definition of 'Weapon of Mass Destruction'" (6 April 2009), Schneier on Security.

Bruce Schneier

Stefano Felician, Le armi di distruzione di massa, CEMISS, Roma, 2010,

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