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Wildcat strike

A wildcat strike is a strike action undertaken by unionised workers without union leadership's authorisation, support, or approval; this is sometimes termed an unofficial industrial action. The legality of wildcat strikes varies between countries and over time.

By country[edit]

Canada[edit]

In 1965, Canada Post workers illegally walked out for two weeks and won the right to collective bargaining for all public sector employees.[1] This resulted in them throwing out the leadership of the company union and forming the Canadian Union of Postal Workers.


On March 23, 2012, Air Canada ground employees suddenly walked off the job at Toronto Pearson International Airport, resulting in many flight delays, after three workers were suspended for heckling Canadian Labour Minister Lisa Raitt. This followed months of fighting between Air Canada and its other unions.[2]


Hundreds of members of the Alberta Union of Provincial Employees walked out from their jobs on the morning of October 26, 2020 at healthcare centres across the province, resulting in some delays in care. This was in protest of an announcement made 2 weeks prior by Health Minister Tyler Shandro and Alberta Health Services CEO, Verna Yiu that between 9,700 and 11,000 AHS employees, namely laboratory, linen, cleaning and food services staff, will be laid-off in efforts to outsource the work to private companies, potentially saving the province $600 million annually. The Alberta Labour Relations Board issued a decision on the evening of October 26 for the employees on strike to return to work.[3]

Germany[edit]

Wildcats strikes are seen as illegal in Germany, as they are not endorsed by a union as a party capable of entering into a collective agreement. Participating in a wildcat strike is considered a refusal to work and can be met by repercussions such as a warning or the termination of one's contract by the employer on an individual level. A union can however retroactively endorse a wildcat strike, therefore making it legal ex tunc.[4]

France[edit]

Wildcat strikes were the key pressure tactic used during the May 1968 protests in France.[5]

(Illinois, 1894)

Pullman Strike

strike (Petrograd, Russia, 1917)

Putilov Factory

Victorian Police strike (Australia, 1923)

strikes during Reuther's Treaty of Detroit contract (Detroit, United States, 1953)[16]

Ford Motor Company

(Memphis, Tennessee, 1968)

Memphis sanitation strike

May '68 (France, 1968)

Chrysler wildcat strike (Michigan, 1968)

Strike against segregation and racism in Chicago Public Schools (Chicago, 1968)

UK miners' strike (1969)

Strike for equal pay for female textile workers, and surrounding towns (UK). Inspiration for the film Leeds United.

Leeds

Strike at glass works in St. Helens, UK (1970).[17] This was the inspiration for the film The Rank and File.

Pilkington

US postal strike (1970)

(UK, 1978–1979)

Winter of Discontent

wildcat strike (Indiana, 2001)

Jeffboat

Dhaka strikes (Bangladesh, 2006)

Toronto Transit Commission wildcat strike (Canada, 2006)

Freightliner wildcat strike (North Carolina, 2007)

2009 Lindsey Oil Refinery strikes

2010

Spanish air traffic controllers strike

(South Africa, 2012)

Marikana miners' strike

2013 wildcat strike

Alberta Union of Provincial Employees

[18]

2018 West Virginia teachers' strike

2020 American athlete strikes

2020 Santa Cruz graduate students' strike

There are some cases where union recognition of a strike is complicated. For example, during the year-long British miners' strike of 1984-5, the national executive supported the strike but many area councils regarded the strike as unofficial, as most ballots at area level had produced majority votes against the strike and no ballot was ever taken at the national level.[19]

also known as the "wild cat"

Black cat (anarchist symbol)

Blue flu

Communists in the United States labor movement (1937–1950)

School strike for the climate

Feurer, Rosemary; Pearson, Chad, eds. (2017). Against Labor. :10.5406/illinois/9780252040818.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-252-04081-8.

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Green, James R. (1983). Workers' Struggles, Past and Present: A 'Radical America' Reader. Temple University Press. :10.2307/j.ctv6mtdnm. ISBN 978-1-4399-1784-8. JSTOR j.ctv6mtdnm. OCLC 1060587482. Project MUSE book 59700.

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ISBN

Sparrow, Bartholomew H. (2014). From the Outside In: World War II and the American State. Princeton University Press.  978-1-4008-6421-8. OCLC 884012522.

ISBN

White, Ahmed (2016). The Last Great Strike: Little Steel, the CIO, and the Struggle for Labor Rights in New Deal America. Univ of California Press.  978-0-520-96101-2. OCLC 1030354396.

ISBN

Fantasia, Richard (June 1983). "The wildcat strike and industrial relations". Industrial Relations Journal. 14 (2): 74–86. :10.1111/j.1468-2338.1983.tb00449.x.

doi

Gouldner, Alvin Ward (1954). Wildcat Strike. Antioch Press.  978-0-87338-088-1. OCLC 590533200.

ISBN

Jennings, Edward (1975). "Wildcat! The wartime strike wave in auto". Radical America. 9 (4–5): 77–105.

Kavcic, Bogdan; Cibron, Andreja (1992). "Strike Action in a Self‐managed Enterprise: The Ravne Iron Works – A Case Study". Employee Relations. 14 (1): 48–63. :10.1108/01425459210007703.

doi

Keeran, Roger R. (1979). "'Everything for Victory': Communist Influence in the Auto Industry during World War II". Science & Society. 43 (1): 1–28.  40402146.

JSTOR

Nowak, Jörg (2019). "A New Theory of Strikes: Moving Beyond Eurocentrism". Mass Strikes and Social Movements in Brazil and India. Studies in the Political Economy of Public Policy. pp. 25–95. :10.1007/978-3-030-05375-8_2. ISBN 978-3-030-05374-1. S2CID 188792017.

doi

Labour Law Profile: Ireland