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Williamite War in Ireland

The Williamite War in Ireland [a] took place from March 1689 to October 1691. Fought by Jacobite supporters of James II and his successor, William III, it resulted in a Williamite victory. It is generally viewed as a related conflict of the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War.

The November 1688 Glorious Revolution replaced the Catholic James with his Protestant daughter Mary II and her husband William, who ruled as joint monarchs of England, Ireland and Scotland. However, James retained considerable support in largely Catholic Ireland, where it was hoped he would address long-standing grievances on land ownership, religion and civic rights.


The war began in March 1689 with a series of skirmishes between James's Irish Army, which had stayed loyal in 1688, and Protestant militia.[5] Fighting culminated in the siege of Derry, where the Jacobites failed to regain control of one of the north's key towns.[6] This enabled William to land an expeditionary force, which defeated the main Jacobite army at the Boyne in July 1690. James returned to France after the battle, while the Jacobites were decisively defeated at Aughrim in 1691. The war ended with the Treaty of Limerick in October 1691.


One contemporary witness, George Story, calculated the war cost over 100,000 lives through sickness, famine, and in battle.[3] Subsequent Jacobite risings were confined to Scotland and England, but the war was to have a lasting effect on the political and cultural landscape of Ireland, confirming British and Protestant rule over the country for over two centuries. While the Treaty of Limerick had offered a series of guarantees to Catholics, subsequent extension of the Penal Laws, particularly during the War of the Spanish Succession, would further erode their civic rights.

War[edit]

1688–1689: the North[edit]

Prior to November 1688, James was so confident Ireland would remain loyal that he ordered 2,500 troops, or around 40% of the Irish army, transferred to England.[13] This deprived Tyrconnell of vital trained personnel, while their presence led to near mutiny in several of James' most reliable English units.[14] Many of the Irish rank and file were arrested after William's landing, and later sent to serve under Emperor Leopold in the Austrian–Ottoman War.[15]

Jacobite rising of 1689

Monmouth Rebellion

Early Modern Ireland 1536-1691

Ireland 1691-1801

Danish Auxiliary Corps in the Williamite War in Ireland

Bartlett, Thomas; Jeffery, Keith (1997). A Military History of Ireland. Cambridge UP.

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(2007). The Williamite Wars in Ireland 1688 – 1691. London: Hambledon Continuum Press. ISBN 978-1-85285-573-4.

Childs, John

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Connolly, S.J. (2008). Divided Kingdom: Ireland 1630–1800. Oxford UP.

Doherty, Richard (Autumn 1995). . Early Modern History (1500–1700). 3 (3).

"The Battle of Aughrim"

Gillespie, Raymond (1992). "The Irish Protestants and James II, 1688–90". Irish Historical Studies. 28 (110): 124–133. :10.1017/S0021121400010671. JSTOR 30008314. S2CID 163524916.

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Harris, Tim (2005). Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy, 1685–1720 (2007 ed.). Penguin.  978-0141016528.

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Hayes-McCoy, G. A. (1942). "The Battle of Aughrim". Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society. 20 (1).

Hayton, David (2004). Ruling Ireland, 1685–1742: Politics, Politicians and Parties. Boydell.

Hayton, D. W. (1991). Israel, Jonathan (ed.). The Williamite Revolution in Ireland 1688–1691 in The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essays on the Glorious Revolution and Its World Impact (2008 ed.). Cambridge University Press.  978-0521390750.

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Kinsella, Eoin (2009). "In pursuit of a positive construction: Irish Catholics and the Williamite articles of surrender, 1690–1701". Eighteenth-Century Ireland. 24: 11–35. :10.3828/eci.2009.4. hdl:10197/6428.

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Lenihan, Padraig (2001). Conquest and Resistance: War in Seventeenth-Century Ireland. Brill.  978-9004117433.

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Lenihan, Padraig (2003). Battle of the Boyne 1690. Gloucester.  978-0-7524-2597-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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Lynn, John (1996). . Longman. ISBN 978-0582056299.;

The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714 (Modern Wars in Perspective)

Magennis, Eoin (1998). "A 'Beleaguered Protestant'?: Walter Harris and the Writing of Fiction Unmasked in Mid-18th-Century Ireland". Eighteenth-Century Ireland. 13: 86–111. :10.3828/eci.1998.8. JSTOR 30064327. S2CID 256129781.

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Maguire, William A. (1990). Kings in Conflict: the Revolutionary War in Ireland and its Aftermath 1688–1750. Blackstaff.

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McGrath, Charles Ivar (1996). "Securing the Protestant Interest: The Origins and Purpose of the Penal Laws of 1695". Irish Historical Studies. 30 (117): 25–46. :10.1017/S0021121400012566. hdl:10197/9696. S2CID 159743855.

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Miller, John (1978). James II; A study in kingship (1991 ed.). Methuen.  978-0413652904.

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Moody; Martin; Byrne, eds. (2009). A New History of Ireland: Volume III: Early Modern Ireland 1534–1691. OUP.  9780198202424.

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Moylan, Seamas (1996). The Language of Kilkenny: Lexicon, Semantics, Structures. Geography Publications.  9780906602706.

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Murtagh, Diarmuid (1953). "Louth Regiments in the Irish Jacobite Army". Journal of the County Louth Archaeological Society. 13 (1): 8–15. :10.2307/27728834. JSTOR 27728834.

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O'Sullivan, Harold (1992). "The Jacobite Ascendancy and Williamite Revolution and Confiscations in County Louth 1684–1701". Journal of the County Louth Archaeological and Historical Society. 4 (22): 430–445. :10.2307/27729726. JSTOR 27729726.

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Simms, J.G (1969). Jacobite Ireland. London.  978-1-85182-553-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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Simms, JG (1986). . Continnuum-3PL. ISBN 978-0907628729.

War and Politics in Ireland, 1649-173

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Stevens, John. . University College, Cork.

The journal of John Stevens, containing a brief account of the war in Ireland, 1689–1691

Szechi, Daniel (1994). The Jacobites: Britain and Europe 1688–1788. Manchester University Press.  9780719037740.

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Wauchope, Piers (1992). Patrick Sarsfield and the Williamite War. Dublin.  978-0-7165-2476-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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Wilson, Philip (1903). . In O'Brien, R. Barry (ed.). Studies in Irish History, 1649–1775. Dublin: Browne and Nolan. pp. 1–65.

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Wormsley, David (2015). James II: The Last Catholic King. Allen Lane.  978-0141977065.

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