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Yucatán

Yucatán (/ˌjkəˈtɑːnˌ-tæn/,[11][12] also UK: /ˌjʊk-/,[13] US: /jkɑːˈtɑːn/,[12][14][15] Spanish: [ɟʝukaˈtan] ; Yucatec Maya: Yúukatan [ˈjúːkatan]), officially the Estado Libre y Soberano de Yucatán (English: Free and Sovereign State of Yucatán),[b] is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, constitute the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It comprises 106 separate municipalities, and its capital city is Mérida.

This article is about the Mexican state. For the peninsula as a whole, see Yucatán Peninsula. For other uses, see Yucatán (disambiguation).

Yucatán
Yúukatan (Yucatec Maya)

December 23, 1823[3][4]

39,524 km2 (15,260 sq mi)

210 m (690 ft)

2,320,898

59/km2 (150/sq mi)

Yucateco (a)

MXN 428 billion
(US$21.3 billion) (2022)

(US$8,996) (2022)

MX-YUC

Increase 0.752 high Ranked 19th of 32

It is located on the northern part of the Yucatán Peninsula. It is bordered by the states of Campeche to the southwest and Quintana Roo to the southeast, with the Gulf of Mexico off its northern coast.


Before the arrival of Spaniards, the peninsula was a very important region for the Maya civilization, which reached the peak of its development here, where the Maya founded the cities of Chichen Itza, Izamal, Motul, Mayapan, Ek' Balam, and Ichkanzihóo (also called T'ho), now Mérida.


After the Spanish conquest of Yucatán (early 16th to late 17th centuries), the Yucatán peninsula became a single administrative and political entity, the Captaincy General of Yucatán. Following Mexican independence in 1821 the local Governor proclaimed independence. Yucatán became part of the First Mexican Empire in December 1821. After the collapse of the Empire in March 1823, the first Republic of Yucatán (founded in May 1823) voluntarily negotiated annexation to the Federal Republic of United Mexican States on December 21, 1823. On March 16, 1841, as a result of cultural and political conflicts around the federal pact, Yucatán declared its independence from Mexico. forming a second Republic of Yucatán. Eventually on July 14, 1848, Yucatán was forced to rejoin Mexico. In 1858, in the middle of the Caste War of Yucatán, the state of Yucatán was divided for the first time, establishing Campeche as a separate state (officially in 1863). During the Porfiriato, in 1902, the state of Yucatán was divided again to form the Federal territory that later became the present state of Quintana Roo.

According to one of them, Spaniards gave the name of Yucatán to the region because the Maya answered their questions with the phrase uh yu ka t'ann, which in the means hear how they talk.

Maya language

It is also said that it came from the answer of an indigenous Maya to the question of a Spanish explorer, who wanted to know the name of the region. The Maya probably replied Ma'anaatik ka t'ann which means in the Maya language I do not understand your speech or I do not understand you.

Before the arrival of Spaniards in the Yucatán Peninsula, the name of this region was Mayab.[17] In the Yucatec Maya language, mayab means "flat",[18] and is the source of the word "Maya" itself.


The name Yucatán, also assigned to the peninsula, came from early explorations of the Conquistadors from Europe. Three different explanations for the origin of the name have been proposed.


The first two state that the name resulted from confusion between the Mayan inhabitants and the first Spanish explorers around 1517:


Probably the first person to propose the "I do not understand" version was the friar Toribio de Benavente Motolinía. In his book Historia de los indios de la Nueva España (History of the Indians of New Spain) he says


The third proposed explanation comes from Bernal Díaz del Castillo. In his book Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España (True History of the Conquest of New Spain), he says Yucatá means "land of yucas",[20] a plant that was cultivated by the Maya and was an important food source for them.[21]

Government and politics[edit]

Government[edit]

The Constitution of Yucatán provides that the government of Yucatán, like the government of every other state in Mexico, consists of three powers: the executive, the legislative and the judiciary.


Executive power rests in the governor of Yucatán, who is directly elected by the citizens, using a secret ballot, to a six-year term with no possibility of reelection. Legislative power rests in the Congress of Yucatán which is a unicameral legislature composed of 25 deputies. Judicial power is invested in the High Court of Justice of Yucatán and its district courts.

Media[edit]

Newspapers of Yucatán include: Artículo 7, De Peso (Mérida), Diario de Yucatán, La I Noticias para Mí Mérida, Milenio Novedades (Antes El Mundo al Día), and Por Esto! (Yucatán).[51][52]

, a Mayan/Yucatecan version of barbecued pork.

Poc Chuc

and Panuchos. Salbutes are soft, cooked tortillas with lettuce, tomato, turkey, and avocado on top. Panuchos feature fried tortillas filled with black beans and topped with turkey or chicken, lettuce, avocado and pickled onions. Habanero chiles accompany most dishes, either in solid or puréed form, along with fresh limes and corn tortillas.

Salbutes

, a "gourmet" dish featuring ground pork inside of a carved Edam cheese ball served with tomato sauce and gravy.

Queso relleno

Pavo en Relleno Negro, a turkey meat stew cooked with a black paste made from roasted chiles, a local version of the mole de guajalote found throughout Mexico. The meat soaked in the black soup is also served in tacos, sandwiches and even in panuchos or salbutes and is usually referred to as "Relleno negro".

, a lime-flavored soup with meat (turkey, chicken, or pork), served with tortilla chips.

Sopa de Lima

, egg tacos covered in pumpkin seed sauce and tomatoes.

Papadzules

, a marinated pork dish and by far the most renowned of Yucatecan food.

Cochinita Pibil

, a type of chili.

Xcatik

Pavo en Relleno Blanco (or simply "Relleno Blanco"), a turkey stew almost like Pavo en Relleno Negro.

a fiery hot salsa or relish similar to pico de gallo, made with habanero chiles and Seville orange juice

Xnipec

Yucatecan food is its own unique style and is very different from what most people would consider Mexican food. It includes influences from the local Mayan culture,[53] as well as Caribbean, European (Spanish), (North) African, and Middle Eastern cultures, as well as influence from the cuisine of other parts of Mexico.


There are many regional dishes. Some of them are:

(1909–1987), professional boxer

Bennetto Payne

Caste War of Yucatán

Cenote

Chicxulub crater

Governor of Yucatán

Himno de Yucatán

Municipalities of Yucatán

Spanish conquest of Yucatán

Villa Carlota, Mexico

Yucatán State Police

(1878). M. Heredia Argüelles (ed.). Historia de Yucatán: Desde la época más remota hasta nuestros días. Mérida, México. OCLC 2688499.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Ancona, Eligio

Molina Solís, Juan Francisco (1896). (1st ed.). Mérida de Yucatán: Impr. y lit. R. Caballero. OCLC 6955452. OL 23361775M.

Historia del descubrimiento y conquista de Yucatán, con una reseña de la historia antigua de esta península

(1984). Relación de las cosas de Yucatán. Consejo Editorial de Yucatán. OCLC 17926841.

de Landa, Diego

(2007) [1688]. Historia de Yucatán. Linkgua ediciones S. L. ISBN 978-84-9816-640-8.

López de Cogolludo, Diego

de Motolinía, Toribio (1985) [1858]. George Baudot (ed.). . Castalia. ISBN 84-7039-464-9.

Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España

Silva, Oswaldo (2006). . Santiago de Chile, Chile: Editor Universitaria. ISBN 9561118572. OCLC 494412139.

Civilizaciones prehispánicas de América

Geographic data related to at OpenStreetMap

Yucatán