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2012 Summer Olympics

The 2012 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad[a] and also known as London 2012, were an international multi-sport event held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, England, United Kingdom. The first event, the group stage in women's football, began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales, followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July.[3][4] There were 10,518 athletes from 206 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) who participated in the 2012 Olympics.[5]

"2012 Olympics" and "London 2012" redirect here. For the Summer Paralympics, see 2012 Summer Paralympics. For the Winter Youth Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria, see 2012 Winter Youth Olympics. For the video game, see London 2012 (video game).

Host city

London, England, United Kingdom

Inspire a Generation

204+2 (including 2 IOA teams)

10,518 (5,863 men, 4,655 women)

302 in 26 sports (39 disciplines)

27 July 2012

12 August 2012

Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and the then-London mayor Ken Livingstone, London was selected as the host city at the 117th IOC Session in Singapore on 6 July 2005, defeating bids from Moscow, New York City, Madrid, and Paris.[6] London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times,[7][b] having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and 1948.[8][9] Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment, with an emphasis on sustainability.[10] The main focus was a new 200-hectare (490-acre) Olympic Park, constructed on a former industrial site in Stratford, East London.[11] The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid.[12]


The United States topped the medal table, winning the most gold medals (46) and the highest number of medals overall (104). China finished second with a total of 91 medals (38 gold) and Great Britain came third with 65 medals overall (29 gold). Michael Phelps of the United States became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time, winning his 22nd medal.[13] Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time, meaning that every currently eligible country has now sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games.[14] Women's boxing was included for the first time, and the 2012 Games became the first at which every sport had female competitors.[15][16][17]


The Games received considerable praise for their organisation, with the volunteers, the British military and public enthusiasm commended particularly highly.[18][19][20] The Games were described as "happy and glorious".[21] The opening ceremony, directed by Academy Award winner Danny Boyle, received widespread acclaim.[22][23] These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Belgian Jacques Rogge, who was succeeded by German Thomas Bach the next year.

Building the venues and infrastructure – £5.3 billion

Elite sport and Paralympic funding – £400 million

Security and policing – £600 million

Regeneration of the Lower Lea Valley – £1.7 billion

Contingency fund – £2.7 billion

2012 Summer Paralympics

1908 Summer Olympics

Jaworska, Sylvia; Hunt, Sally (2017). (PDF). Gender and Language. 11 (3): 336–364. doi:10.1558/genl.28858. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 April 2019.

"Intersections and differentiations: a corpus-assisted discourse study of gender representations in the British press before, during and after the London Olympics 2012"

Mallon, Bill (18 January 2019). . OlympStats.

"An Update On London 2012 Doping Positives"

Mallon, Bill (18 January 2019). . OlympStats.

"All Olympic Doping Positives – The Count By Games"

Pamment, James. "'Putting the GREAT Back into Britain': National Identity, Public-Private Collaboration & Transfers of Brand Equity in 2012's Global Promotional Campaign," British Journal of Politics & International Relations (2015) 17#2 pp 260–283.

Surowiec, Pawel. and Philip Long. “Hybridity and Soft Power Statecraft: The 'GREAT' Campaign.” Diplomacy & Statecraft 31:1 (2020): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2020.1721092

online review

. Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee.

"London 2012"

at the UK Government Web Archive (archived 28 February 2013)

Official website (London2012.com)